Figure 1.

(A) CpG ODNs are synergistically activated with a novel ODN, iSN34, and other TLR ligands, such as Pam₃CSK₄ (TLR1/2), LPS (TLR4), and Zymosan (TLR2/6). This synergy enhances IL-6 induction and activates B cells. (B) Co-delivery of CpG ODNs and different TLR ligands, synthetic molecules, and antibodies produces an immunosynergistic response, which promotes the secretion of Type I/II-IFN cytokines and also the production of B cells. This leads to the generation of tumor-specific antibodies, which may be useful for enhancing antitumor agents, cancer vaccines, and the immunoregulatory effects against inflammatory disorders, as well as enhancing antiviral action and facilitating apoptosis. In contrast, the synergy of CpG and the synthetic molecule also activates NK cells, leads to cell lysis, and is useful for preparing vaccines against virally infected cells.