Table 4.
Risk factors for the development of bacterial and/or fungal infections
| Total | Secondary infection n (%) | χ2 | OR (95%CI) | P-value | ||
| Gender | Female | 36 | 32 (88.89) | 9.263 | 5.46 (1.83, 16.31) | 0.002 |
| Male | 138 | 82 (59.42) | ||||
| Age (yr) | ≥ 45 | 107 | 80 (74.77) | 10.214 | 2.88 (1.51, 5.49) | 0.001 |
| < 45 | 67 | 34 (50.75) | ||||
| HBVDNA (IU/mL) | < 4.575 × 105 | 79 | 59 (74.68) | 6.281 | 2.32 (1.20, 4.46) | 0.012 |
| ≥ 4.575 × 105 | 95 | 55 (57.89) | ||||
| Stage of liver failure | Middle and late | 131 | 102 (77.9) | 30.459 | 9.09 (4.15, 19.89) | 0.000 |
| Early | 43 | 12 (27.91) | ||||
| ACLF grade | ACLF-1 | 41 | 15 (36.59) | 18.117 | 5.05 (2.40, 10.64) | 0.000 |
| ACLF-(2, 3) | 133 | 99 (74.44) | ||||
| ALT (U/L) | < 493.5 | 97 | 75 (78.95) | 15.273 | 3.71 (1.92, 7.17) | 0.000 |
| ≥ 493.5 | 77 | 39 (50.65) | ||||
| AST (U/L) | <538.5 | 120 | 92 (76.67) | 19.847 | 4.78 (2.40, 9.51) | 0.000 |
| ≥ 538.5 | 54 | 22 (40.74) | ||||
| TBIL (µmol/mL) | ≥ 348.35 | 40 | 34 (85) | 7.925 | 3.83 (1.50, 9.73) | 0.005 |
| < 348.35 | 134 | 80 (59.7) | ||||
| WBC (G/L) | ≥ 10 | 24 | 24 (100) | 7.099 | 15.73 (2.07, 119.45) | 0.008 |
| < 10 | 150 | 90 (60) | ||||
| NE% | > 70 | 86 | 71 (82.56) | 20.283 | 4.95 (2.47, 9.94) | 0.000 |
| ≤ 70 | 88 | 43 (48.86) | ||||
| Hospital stay (d) | ≥ 30 | 48 | 40 (83.33) | 9.312 | 1.45 (0.66, 3.17) | 0.003 |
| < 30 | 126 | 74 (58.73) | ||||
| ALB (g/L) | ≤ 33.1 | 101 | 76 (75.25) | 9.812 | 2.80 (1.47, 5.33) | 0.002 |
| > 33.1 | 73 | 38 (52.05) | ||||
| PT (s) | ≥ 27.55 | 58 | 48 (82.76) | 10.685 | 3.64 (1.68, 7.89) | 0.001 |
| < 27.55 | 116 | 66 (56.89) |
TBIL: Total bilirubin; PT: Prothrombin time; WBC: White blood cells; NE%: Percentage of neutrophils; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALB: Albumin. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ACLF grade: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade; ACLF-1: Acute-on-chronic liver failure grade 1; ACLF-(2, 3): Acute-on-chronic liver failure grades 2 and 3.