Statistical maps of significant clusters showing PNES and HC group differences in stress-related task activation and resting state functional connectivity. (A) We defined seven a priori regions of interest: (1) amygdala, (2) hippocampus, and (3) insula involved in emotion; (4) anterior cingulate and (5) inferior frontal gyrus involved in executive function; (6) precentral gyrus and (7) postcentral gyrus involved in motor control. (B1) Compared to HC, PNES exhibited decreased response (in blue) to stress fMRI (hard versus easy math) in the bilateral amygdala and left hippocampus (corrected p < .05). (B2) The bar graph below of beta-weight values (mean +/− SEM) for each significant region illustrates an opposite response between groups. (B3) The scatter plot illustrates the significant association between stress task fMRI response in the right amygdala and stress-related change in alpha-amylase (dAA) in patients with PNES. (C1) Compared to HC, PNES exhibited increased resting state functional connectivity (corrected p < .05) between the right amygdala seed region to both the left inferior/middle frontal gyrus (L. IFG/MFG) and the left precentral gyrus (L. PCG). (C2) To the right, the bar graph of z-scores (mean +/− SEM) for each region illustrates that the group differences in functional connectivity are due to an opposing pattern of connectivity. L. = left hemisphere; R. = right hemisphere.