Table 5.
Studies dealing with other conditions (ACE2: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2; BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophages; BSM: bronchial smooth muscle; CF: Cystic Fibrosis; CIV: canine influenza virus; hBSMCs: human BSM cells; HLMECs: human lung microvascular endothelial cells; HPASMCs: human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells; HS: honeysuckle; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; Igfbp5: insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5; MDCK: Madin-Darby Canine Kidney; MDM: monocyte-derived macrophages; MSC: mesenchymal stromal cell; PASMC: pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus).
| Other Conditions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | ||||
| Study | Disease | Sample | miRNAs | Findings |
| Chatterjee et al. (2014) [41] | Lung cell dysfunction | HLMECs, HUVECs | miR-147b | MiR-147b antagomir increased total and cell surface expression of ADAM15 in endothelial cells (p < 0.05) |
| Ge et al. (2016) [82] | Lung fibrosis | Humans: bronchial epithelia from lung transplant patients. Cells: primary fibroblasts isolated from human lungs | miR-323a-3p | Antagomirs for miR-323a-3p augment murine lung fibrosis after bleomycin injury (p < 0.05) |
| Sharma et al. (2018) [58] | HIV infection and substance abuse | Human monocyte derived macrophages, HPASMCs | miR-130a | Transfection of HPASMCs with antagomir-130a–ameliorated the extracellular vesicles-induced effect (p < 0.001) |
| Yuan et al. (2018) [69] | Tuberculosis | Fifty patients, 20 controls. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells | miR-196b-5p | antagomir-196b-5p promoted Bacillus Calmette–Guérin uptake in MDMs or differentiated U937 cells (p < 0.05) |
| Animals | ||||
| Study | Disease | Sample | miRNAs | Findings |
| Krützfeldt et al. (2005) [7] | Various conditions | Mice models | miR-16, miR-122, miR-192, miR-194 | Intravenous administration of antagomirs reduced miRNA levels in liver, lung, kidney, heart, intestine, fat, skin, bone marrow, muscle, ovaries, and adrenals |
| Chiba et al. (2009) [83] | Abnormal BSM contraction | BSM cells, bronchial tissues of BALB/c mice | miR-133a | Up-regulation of RhoA when endogenous miR-133a function inhibited by its antagomir in hBSMCs (p < 0.05). No effect (p > 0.05) of miR-133b and let-7a antagomirs |
| Pandit et al. (2010) [84] | Pulmonary Fibrosis | Animals: mice models. Cells: 10 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, 10 control tissues |
Let-7d | Let-7d antagomir decreased expression of CDH1 and TJP1 and increased COL1A1 and HMGA2 expression in the lungs (p < 0.05) |
| Rosenberger et al. (2012) [56] | Influenza | C57Bl/6, MyD88null mice | miR-451 | Three types of primary dendritic cells treated with antagomirs against miR-451 secreted elevated levels of IL-6 (p< 0.01), TNF (p < 0.05), CCL5/RANTES (p < 0.05), and CCL3/MIP1α (p < 0.01) |
| Asquith et al. (2014) [85] | Chronic ethanol consumption | From non-human primates: PBMC, mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, jejunum, duodenum, ileum, and descending colon | miR-181a, miR-221 (in PBMC), miR-155 (in colon) | Transfection of miRNA antagomirs upregulated both STAT-3 (p < 0.05)/ARNT (p < 0.001), VEGF (p < 0.05)/HGF (p < 0.01)/G-CSF (p < 0.05) |
| Zhang et al. (2015) [52] | Various disorders | Animals: BALB/c mice. Cells: 4T1 murine breast cancer cells |
miR-10b | Antagomir-10b and PTX delivered by D-Lip delays the growth of 4T1 tumors and reduce lung metastases; Hoxd10 expression in tumors up-regulated (p < 0.01) |
| Zhou et al. (2015) [54] | Influenza | Animals: six groups of mice (five mice per group), including control group. Cells: MDCK cells |
miR-2911 | Inhibitory effect of HS decoction on viral replication abolished by anti-miR2911 (p < 0.05) |
| Podsiad et al. (2015) [31] | Pneumonia | Animals: wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Cells: Human lung macrophages |
miR-155 | miR-155 antagomir improved lung bacterial clearance by 4.2-fold |
| Zhou et al. (2016) [86] | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Animals: C57BL/6J (B6) and B6.Cg-Mir155tm1.1Rsky/J mice. Cells: Hepa 1-6 cells |
miR-155 | Disease progression reduced by 20% by in vivo using of antimiR-155 |
| Ma et al. (2017) [71] | Hypoxia | Animals: adult male Wistar rats. Cells: PASMC cultured |
miR-125a | miR-125a antagomir mimicked the hypoxic damage effects to mitochondrial homeostasis (p < 0.05) |
| Morales et al. (2017) [87] | SARS-CoV | Animals: female mice. Cells: mouse delayed brain tumor cells expressing the murine SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 |
svRNA-nsp3.1, svRNA-nsp3.2, svRNA-N, miR-877 | Antagomirs reduced partially (svRNA-nsp3.1), or totally (svRNA-nsp3.2, svRNA-N, miR-877), the luciferase activity |
| Zhou et al. (2017) [88] | Influenza | Animals: beagles. Cells: MDCK cells |
cfa-miR-143 | Anti-cfa-miR-143 caused upregulation of Igfbp5 in CIV-infected MDCK cells |
| Fehl et al. (2019) [44] | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | Newborn C57BL/6J mice | N/A | AntagomiRs impacted lung volume (p < 0.05), septal thickness (p < 0.01), and the transcriptome (p < 0.05) of developing mouse lungs |
| Li et al. (2019) [28] | Lung ischemia | Mail C57/BL6 mice | miR-21-5p | Pre-treatment of MSCs with miR-21-5p antagomir decreased miR-21-5p expression level in exosomes secreted |
| Tamgue et al. (2019) [89] | Tuberculosis | Bone marrow-derived macrophages generated from male BALB/c mice | miR-143, miR-365 | Antagomirs for miR-143 and miR-365 decreased the intracellular growth of Mtb HN878, reduced the production of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and CCL5 (p < 0.01 for miR-143, p < 0.05 for miR-365) and promoted the apoptotic death of Mtb HN878-infected BMDMs (p < 0.01 for miR-143, p < 0.05 for miR-365) |
| Zhang et al. (2019) [90] | Influenza | Animals: C57BL/6 mice. Cells: human pulmonary epithelial cell line A549 |
miR-146a | Downregulation of miR-146a inhibits Influenza A Virus replication by enhancing type I IFN response through TRAF6 in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.01) |
| Cell Lines | ||||
| Study | Disease | Sample | miRNAs | Findings |
| Chiba et al. (2009) [83] | Abnormal BSM contraction | BSM cells, bronchial tissues of BALB/c mice | miR-133a | Up-regulation of RhoA when endogenous miR-133a function inhibited by its antagomir in hBSMCs (p < 0.05). No effect (p > 0.05) of miR-133b and let-7a antagomirs |
| Pandit et al. (2010) [84] | Pulmonary Fibrosis | Animals: mice models. Cells: 10 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and 10 control tissues |
Let-7d | Let-7d antagomir decreased expression of CDH1 and TJP1, and increased COL1A1 and HMGA2 expression in the lungs (p < 0.05) |
| Bhattacharyya et al. (2011) [29] | Cystic Fibrosis | Lung epithelial cells | miR-155 | Antagomir-155 in CF cells down-regulates miR-155 expression by 85%; IL-8 mRNA levels decreased of 70% and IL-8 protein levels by 11-fold |
| Chatterjee et al. (2014) [41] | Lung cell dysfunction | HLMECs, HUVECs | miR-147b | MiR-147b antagomir increased total and cell surface expression of ADAM15 in endothelial cells (p < 0.05) |
| Fabbri et al. (2014) [43] | Cystic Fibrosis | CF bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa | miR-93 | IL-8 up-regulation in uninfected cells treated with antagomiR-93 (p < 0.01) |
| Zhang et al. (2015) [52] | Various disorders | Animals: BALB/c mice. Cells: 4T1 murine breast cancer cells |
miR-10b | Antagomir-10b and PTX delivered by D-Lip delays the growth of 4T1 tumors and reduce the lung metastases; up-regulated Hoxd10 in tumors (p < 0.01) |
| Zhou et al. (2015) [54] | Influenza | Animals: six groups of mice (five mice per group), including control group. Cells: MDCK cells |
miR-2911 | Inhibitory effect of HS decoction on viral replication abolished by anti-miR2911 (p < 0.05) |
| Ge et al. (2016) [82] | Lung fibrosis | Humans: bronchial epithelia from lung transplant patients. Cells: primary fibroblasts from human lung explants | miR-323a-3p | Antagomirs for miR-323a-3p augment murine lung fibrosis after bleomycin injury (p < 0.05) |
| Podsiad et al. (2015) [31] | Pneumonia | Animals: wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Cells: human lung macrophages |
miR-155 | AntimiR-155 improved lung bacterial clearance by 4.2-fold compared with controls |
| Zhou et al. (2016) [86] | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Animals: C57BL/6J (B6) and B6.Cg-Mir155tm1.1Rsky/J mice. Cells: Hepa 1-6 cells |
miR-155 | Disease progression, reduced by 20% by in vivo silencing of miR-155 using antimiR-155 |
| Bartoszewska et al. (2017) [36] | Hypoxia | Hypoxia-induced human airway epithelial cell lines Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-; normal primary bronchial epithelial cells | miR-200b | Manipulation of miRNA levels during normoxia and hypoxia by antagomirs increased CFTR mRNA levels (p < 0.05) |
| Ma et al. (2017) [71] | Hypoxia | Animals: adult male Wistar rats. Cells: PASMC cultured |
miR-125a | miR-125a antagomir mimicked the hypoxic damage effects to mitochondrial homeostasis (p < 0.05) |
| Morales et al. (2017) [87] | SARS-CoV | Animals: Female mice. Cells: mouse delayed brain tumor cells expressing the murine SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 |
svRNA-nsp3.1, svRNA-nsp3.2, svRNA-N, miR-877 | Antagomirs reduced partially (svRNA-nsp3.1), or totally (svRNA-nsp3.2, svRNA-N, miR-877), the luciferase activity |
| Shentu et al. (2017) [26] | Lung fibrosis | Human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells | miR-199a/b-3p, 21-5p, 630, 22-3p, 196a-5p, 199b-5p, 34a-5p, and 148a-3p | AntagomiR-630 abrogated the effect of extracellular vesicles on CDH2 expression (p < 0.05) |
| Zhou et al. (2017) [88] | Influenza | Animals: beagles. Cells: MDCK cells |
cfa-miR-143 | Anti-cfa-miR-143 caused upregulation of Igfbp5 in CIV-infected MDCK cells |
| Sharma et al. (2018) [58] | HIV infection and substance abuse | Human monocyte derived macrophages, HPASMCs | miR-130a | Transfection of HPASMCs with antagomir-130a ameliorated the extracellular vesicles-induced effect (p < 0.001) |
| Yuan et al. (2018) [69] | Tuberculosis | Fifty patients, 20 controls. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells | miR-196b-5p | Antagomir-196b-5p promoted Bacillus Calmette–Guérin uptake in MDMs or differentiated U937 cells (p < 0.05) |
| Tamgue et al. (2019) [89] | Tuberculosis | Bone marrow-derived macrophages generated from male BALB/c mice | miR-143, miR-365 | Antagomirs for miR-143 and miR-365 decreased the intracellular growth of Mtb HN878, reduced the production of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and CCL5 (p < 0.01 for miR-143, p < 0.05 for miR-365), and promoted the apoptotic death of Mtb HN878-infected BMDMs (p < 0.01 for miR-143, p < 0.05 for miR-365) |
| Zhang et al. (2019) [90] | Influenza | Animals: C57BL/6 mice. Cells: human pulmonary epithelial cell line A549 |
miR-146a | Downregulation of miR-146a inhibits Influenza A Virus replication by enhancing type I IFN response through TRAF6 in vitro and in vivo (p < 0.01) |