Table 1.
Photosensitizers approved for clinical use. In this review, we summarize the investigations of the last 15 years using chlorin, phthalocyanine, and porphyrin derivatives as PS in the treatment of acne vulgaris, psoriasis, papilloma virus infections, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and skin rejuvenation, and discuss the mechanisms of PDT against these conditions and observe their clinical actions.
| PS Type | Product | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorin | Foscan ® | Approved in Europe for head and neck cancer |
| Laserphyrin ® | Approved in Japan lung cancer | |
| Porphyrin | Photofrin ® | Approved in the United States for esophageal cancer; Approved in Japan for gastric cancer; Approved in Canada for recurrent bladder cancer |
| Metvix ® | Approved in the United States and Europe for actinic keratosis | |
| Levulan ® | Approved in the United States and Europe for actinic keratosis | |
| Photogem ® | Approved in Russia for basal cell carcinoma | |
| Visudyne ® | Approved in China and the United States for macular degeneration | |
| Phthalocyanine | Photosens ® | Approved in Russia and India for sarcoma and choroidal, eye, eyelid, cervical, bladder tumors |