Table 4.

The studies that used porphyrins in the treatment of HPV viral warts.

First Author and Year	Type of Study	PS	Chemical Family	Concentration (PS)	Pre-Irradiation Time	Light Source	Dose of Light	Results
Smucler; Jatsová, 2005	Clinical	ALA	Porphyrin	20%	3 h	Pulsed dye laser (PDL) 595 nm and LED 635 nm	20 and 50 J/cm2	The combination of PDT and PDL were able to cure infectious warts.
Wang et al., 2007	Clinical	ALA	Porphyrin	20%	4 h	Red light 590–700 nm	50 J/cm2	Noninvasiveness, minimal adverse effects, and efficient cosmetic results make PDT as a promising alternative treatment for recalcitrant viral warts in Asian population.
Fernandéz-Guarino; Harto; Jaén; 2011	Clinical	MAL	Porphyrin	160 mg/g	3 h	PDL 595 nm	9 J/cm2	PDL -PDT was effective and a tolerable treatment option for recalcitrant viral warts.
Li et al., 2014	Clinical	ALA	Porphyrin	5, 10, and 20%	4 h	Red light 633 nm	113 J/cm2	ALA (10%)-PDT was efficacious and safe for the treatment of recalcitrant facial verruca plana.
Qian et al., 2014	Clinical	ALA	Porphyrin	5, 10, and 20%	1.5 and 3 h	LED 630 nm	126 J/cm2	The efficacy and safety of PDT for the treatment of viral wart were dependent on the number of sessions and therapy doses.
Yang et al., 2016	Clinical	ALA	Porphyrin	10%	3 h	LED 630 nm	Uninformed	Three sessions: The optimal PDT scheme for the treatment of recalcitrant flat warts on the face of Chinese patients.