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. 2019 Aug 8;20(16):3874. doi: 10.3390/ijms20163874

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Local action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in cardiomyocytes. ANP is secreted by cardiomyocytes in response to cardiac stress. After secretion, ANP binds to the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) and activates the cGMP/PKG pathway. Anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects of ANP occur through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Arrow-headed lines indicate activation, whereas bar-headed lines indicate inhibition. Legend: c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1); natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR-A); nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT); p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs); protein kinases G (PKG). See text for further details. The figure was made using tools provided by Servier Medical Arts, amongst others.