Table 1.
Amino acids composition of tilapia scale, residue, tilapia scale protein powder, and gelatin hydrolysates (results are expressed as residues/1000 total residues).
| Amino Acids | Tilapia Scale | Residue | Tilapia Scale Protein Powder |
Gelatin Hydrolysate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartic acid/asparagine | 50.8 ± 0.6 b | 60.9 ± 0.5 a | 47.6 ± 0.6 c | 47.9 ± 1.1 c |
| Glutamic acid/glutamine | 84.5 ± 0.5 b | 102.9 ± 0.7 a | 81.4 ± 0.4 b | 82.3 ± 0.6 b |
| Serine | 28.7 ± 0.7 b | 37.9 ± 0.4 a | 29.8 ± 0.7 b | 29.5 ± 0.5 b |
| Histidine | 9.4 ± 0.1 b | 22.6 ± 0.4 a | 6.7 ± 0.2 c | 8.8 ± 0.7 b |
| Glycine | 358.3 ± 0.3 b | 315.2 ± 0.9 c | 372.7 ± 1.7 a | 362.9 ± 1.4 b |
| Threonine | 27.0 ± 0.5 b | 37.4 ± 0.7 a | 24.4 ± 0.8 b | 25.8 ± 0.3 b |
| Arginine | 53.0 ± 0.5 a | 48.0 ± 0.4 b | 53.6 ± 0.4 a | 51.6 ± 1.1 a |
| Alanine | 125.0 ± 0.8 a | 101.7 ± 0.6 b | 129.1 ± 0.9 a | 124.6 ± 0.6 a |
| Tyrosine | 4.4 ± 0.1 b | 12.5 ± 0.2 a | 2.6 ± 1.4 b | 4.3 ± 0.4 b |
| Valine | 27.1 ± 0.2 b | 46.7 ± 0.5 a | 23.5 ± 0.6 b | 26.4 ± 0.7 b |
| Methionine | 7.4 ± 0.4 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 8.9 ± 0.3 a | 10.3 ± 0.4 a |
| Phenylalanine | 15.9 ± 0.3 b | 21.3 ± 0.4 a | 14.9 ± 0.5 b | 15.5 ± 0.7 b |
| Isoleucine | 14.7 ± 0.2 b | 26.2 ± 0.5 a | 12.5 ± 0.6 b | 14.3 ± 0.5 b |
| Leucine | 27.4 ± 0.4 b | 41.7 ± 0.6 a | 24.8 ± 0.7 b | 26.5 ± 0.9 b |
| Lysine | 26.4 ±0.7 a | 23.5 ± 0.2 b | 28.2 ± 0.7 a | 27.3 ± 0.5 a |
| Proline | 140.1 ± 0.3 a | 101.7 ± 0.6 b | 139.3 ± 0.9 a | 142.1 ± 1.1 a |
| Hydroxyproline | 71.5 ± 0.8 a | 38.1 ± 0.9 b | 68.9 ± 1.3 a | 70.1 ± 0.9 a |
| Total | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Values with different letters within the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05).