1. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group definitions of invasive aspergillosis.
Original definitions ofAscioglou 2002 | Revised definitions ofDe Pauw 2008 | |
PROVEN IA | Specimen obtained by needle aspiration or biopsy from a normally sterile and clinically or radiologically abnormal site consistent with an infectious disease processand either histopathological, cytopathological, or direct microscopic examination of the specimen in which hyphae are seen accompanied by evidence of associated tissue damage or recovery of Aspergillus species by culture from the specimen obtained by a sterile procedure excluding bronchoalveolar lavage, cranial sinus cavity, and urine |
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PROBABLE IA | At least 1 host factor criterion plus 1 major (or 2 minor) clinical criteria from abnormal site consistent with infectionplus 1 microbiological criterion | At least 1 host factor plus 1 clinical feature plus 1 microbiological criterion |
POSSIBLE IA | At least 1 host factor criterion plus either 1 major (or 2 minor) clinical criterion from abnormal site consistent with infection or 1 microbiological criterion |
At least 1 host factor plus 1 clinical feature |
Host factor criteria will include the temporal relationship between the onset of fungal disease and the receipt of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Clinical features include for example neutropenia, persistent fever, predisposing conditions, prolonged use of corticosteroids; in the case of lower respiratory tract infection, the presence of 1 of the following signs on CT: dense well circumscribed lesions(s) with or without a halo sign or an air crescent sign, cavity.
Microbiological criteria consist of a positive culture including the presence of fungal elements indicating a mould on microscopy or recovery by culture of Aspergillus species from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, bronchial brush or sinus aspirate samples; positive result for Aspergillus detection of galactomannan antigen in specimens of plasma, serum, BAL, cerebrospinal fluid or 2 or more blood samples. Major clinical criteria are, for example, new infiltrates on computerized tomography imaging (e.g. halo sign) or suggestive radiological findings.
Minor clinical criteria are suggestive symptoms and signs.
The exact definitions of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria and their host factor, microbiological or clinical criteria can be found in Ascioglou 2002 and De Pauw 2008.