Table 1.

Evidence-Based Interventions (EBIs) for Linkage to, Retention and Re-engagement in HIV Care

Author (Year) Locationa	Intervention Name	LRC Outcome	Key Population	Nb	Sexc M/F/T %	PoCd %	Agee	Intervention Delivererf: Intervention Strategies; Intervention Duration	Comparison Strategies
Gardner [19] (2005) U.S.	ARTAS	Linkage to care (1st visit in 6 months post enrollment) Retention (at least 1 visit in each of 2 consecutive 6-month follow-up periods)	Recently-diagnosed	273	71/29	93	18–39 (63%) >40 (37%)	Linkage Coordinator: Builds rapport Encourages patient to use personal strengths to link to care Coordinates and links patient to community resources Advocates for medical care and other services Up to 5 sessions in 90 days or until patient is linked, whichever happens first	Info on HIV and local resources Referral to medical care provider
Gardner [20](2014) U.S.	Retention through Enhanced Personal Contacts	Retention (visit constancy-keeping at least 1 visit with HIV primary doctor in 3 consecutive 4-month intervals; visit adherence - % kept visits; mean # of kept visits; mean # of missed visits in 12 months)	Clinic patients	1838	63/36/1	88	18–29 (11%) 30–39 (20%) 40–49 (34%) 50–59 (29%) >60 (7%)	Interventionist: Meets client at medical visits Calls in between visits to encourage and respond to questions/concerns about medical visit Builds skills in personal organization, communication with providers, and problem solving Develops plan to address unmet needs Helps client use personal strengths to accomplish goal behaviors Brief face-to-face meetings (initial meeting 25–40 minutes; subsequent meetings 10–20 minutes each) and phone calls (12 minutes each) over 1 year	Automated and personal appointment reminder calls
Lucas [21](2010) U.S.	Buprenorphine Treatment	Retention (number of kept visits in 12-months)	Opioid-dependent clinic patients	96	78/22	98	46 median	Physician, nurse with substance use training: Provides buprenorphine treatment in HIV primary care clinic Observes BUP doses Provides counseling Conducts urine drug tests 2-day induction, followed by 3 10–40 minute sessions per week for 2–4 weeks, then on-going weekly to monthly 10–40 minute sessions	Drug treatment referrals Case management
Muhamadi [18](2011) Uganda	Extended Counseling	Linkage (1st visit within 5 months post enrollment)	Recently-diagnosed	400	36/64	NR	18–24 (17%) 25–34 (31%) 35–44 (28%) 45–70 (23%)	Trained counselor, community support workers: Provides posttest counseling in HIV disclosure, healthy living with HIV, importance of medical care Conduct home visits to encourage client to go to medical care One HIV post-test counseling session and subsequent monthly 2-hour counseling sessions	Non-trained counselor provides post-test counseling
Robbins [22](2012) U.S.	Virology Fasttrack	Retention (no arrived appointment for > 6 months) measured as events per 100 patient-years in 12 months)	HIV care providers and their clinic patients	1011	72/28	46	>40 (75%)	Clinical decision support system Generates interactive alerts in health care provider’s electronic medical records (EMR) home page, patient-specific EMR, and biweekly emails to notify providers of missed appointments, virologic failure, and new laboratory toxicities Allows providers to easily schedule follow-up appointments and lab tests On-going intervention	Static alerts to patient-specific EMR

^aStudy location

^bTotal sample size

^cM=Males; F=Females; T=Transgendered persons

^dPersons of Color

^eMean age unless specified as median or category. Totals may not sum to 100% due to rounding.

^fIf Intervention not delivered by a person, intervention deliverer is not listed

NR = Not reported