Table 2.
Characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |||
Comorbidity | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Yes | 1.41 | 1.18 | 1.69 | 0.000 | 1.06 | 0.87 | 1.30 | 0.542 |
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Female | 1.32 | 1.03 | 1.69 | 0.028 | 1.03 | 0.79 | 1.36 | 0.820 |
Marital status | ||||||||
Singlea | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Married | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.87 | 0.001 | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.99 | 0.043 |
Education | ||||||||
Illiteracy or semiliterate | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Primary school | 1.09 | 0.90 | 1.32 | 0.374 | 1.19 | 0.96 | 1.47 | 0.113 |
Junior school | 0.95 | 0.73 | 1.22 | 0.672 | 1.05 | 0.79 | 1.39 | 0.737 |
Senior school or above | 0.85 | 0.57 | 1.28 | 0.442 | 0.89 | 0.57 | 1.40 | 0.625 |
Economic status b | ||||||||
Q4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Q1 | 1.85 | 1.39 | 2.46 | 0.000 | 1.23 | 0.90 | 1.68 | 0.199 |
Q2 | 1.81 | 1.37 | 2.39 | 0.000 | 1.32 | 0.98 | 1.79 | 0.069 |
Q3 | 1.56 | 1.19 | 2.06 | 0.001 | 1.35 | 1.00 | 1.82 | 0.047 |
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Rural | 1.37 | 1.05 | 1.80 | 0.021 | 1.25 | 0.93 | 1.68 | 0.134 |
Smoking | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Yes | 0.78 | 0.58 | 1.03 | 0.079 | 0.74 | 0.54 | 1.01 | 0.055 |
Alcohol use | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Yes | 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 0.030 | 0.91 | 0.66 | 1.26 | 0.567 |
Exercise (time/a week) | ||||||||
<1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
1–2 | 0.74 | 0.52 | 1.06 | 0.096 | 1.17 | 0.44 | 1.26 | 0.439 |
≥3 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.67 | 0.000 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 0.198 |
Hospitalization | ||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Yes | 1.38 | 1.09 | 1.74 | 0.007 | 1.18 | 0.91 | 1.53 | 0.218 |
K10c | ||||||||
1 | 1.00 | |||||||
2 | 4.95 | 3.85 | 6.36 | 0.000 | ||||
3 | 9.34 | 7.25 | 12.03 | 0.000 | ||||
4 | 18.94 | 14.46 | 24.81 | 0.000 |
Note: The P-values indicate statistical significance at 5% level
aSingles include those who are unmarried (1.7%), divorced (0.3%), widowed (15.5%)
bQuartile 1(Q1) is the poorest and Quartile 4(Q4) is the richest
cK10 means 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale