Table 1:
Baseline characteristics comparing patients on carvedilol vs. not on carvedilol
| Total Cohort | Carvedilol | No carvedilol | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=503) | (n=404) | (n=99) | ||
| Females | 263 (52%) | 214 (53%) | 49 (49%) | 0.535 |
| Age (yrs, mean±SD) | 60±9.3 | 60±9.5 | 61±9.3 | |
| Race | ||||
| Hispanic | 197 (39%) | 157 (39%) | 40 (40%) | |
| African American | 203 (40%) | 165 (41%) | 38 (38%) | 0.199 |
| Others | 103 (20%) | 82 (20%) | 21 (21%) | |
| Socioeconomic parameters | ||||
| High School /GED completion | 315 (63%) | 251 (62%) | 64 (64%) | 0.643 |
| Unemployment | 62 (12%) | 52 (13%) | 10 (10%) | 0.452 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 184 (37%) | 149 (37%) | 35 (35%) | 0.777 |
| Hypertension | 334 (66%) | 271 (67%) | 63 (63%) | 0.516 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 188 (37%) | 149 (37%) | 39 (39%) | 0.643 |
| Smoking | 233 (46%) | 189 (47%) | 44 (44%) | 0.676 |
| Sleep apnea | 99 (20%) | 81 (20%) | 18 (18%) | 0.675 |
| CAD | 175 (35%) | 149 (39%) | 26 (26%) | 0.046 |
| LVEF (%, mean±SD) | 42±12.0 | 40±12.0 | 44±12.2 | 0.003 |
| LVEF ≤ 40% | 230 (46%) | 211 (52%) | 19 (19%) | |
| LVEF 41-49 % | 94 (19%) | 72 (18%) | 22 (22%) | |
| LVEF ≥ 50% | 179 (36%) | 121 (30%) | 58 (59%) | |
| PASP (mmHg, mean±SD) | 42±9.0 | 43±9.2 | 42±9.0 | 0.331 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137±27.2 | 135±27.5 | 139±27.3 | 0.195 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78±18 | 78±18.2 | 79±17.8 | 0.623 |
| HR (bpm) | 80±21.4 | 75±21.3 | 83±21.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean±SD) | 29±6.3 | 30±6.4 | 29±6.3 | 0.163 |
| QRS duration (ms) | 114±24.3 | 115±24.3 | 113±24.6 | 0.464 |
| QTc duration (ms) | 423±28.4 | 425±28.4 | 422±28.7 | 0.348 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.28±1.0 | 1.29±1.0 | 1.27±1.2 | 0.864 |
| NT-proBNP at admission (pg/mL) | 4222 (2504-8118) | 4121 (2421-7857) | 4489 (2674-8208) | 0.041 |
| NT-proBNP on discharge (pg/mL) * | 2497 (1184-5212) | 2364 (1107-5052) | 2711 (1227-5476) | 0.033 |
| HF NYHA class | 0.308 | |||
| NYHA class 1-2 | 221 (44%) | 173 (43%) | 48 (48%) | |
| NYHA class 3-4 | 282 (56%) | 231 (57%) | 51 (51%) | |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE/ARB | 430 (85%) | 347 (86%) | 83 (83%) | 0.603 |
| Spironolactone | 71 (14%) | 61 (15%) | 10 (10%) | 0.201 |
| Furosemide | 382 (76%) | 307 (78%) | 75 (75%) | 0.961 |
BMI= body mass index, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, PASP= pulmonary artery systolic pressure, CAD= coronary artery disease, ACE I= angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB= angiotensin receptor blocker,
*
NT-proBNP on discharge available in 141 (28%) patients with a CUD.