Table 1. Summary of risk factors associated with S. Javiana infections.

Authors	Study title	Design	Quality (score)	Study period	Subjects	Study location	Exposure
Hedberg et al.[11]	A Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Javiana and Salmonella Oranienburg Infections due to Consumption of Contaminated Cheese	Case-control	Good1 (8)	May and June 1989	In case-control study I, cases = 31, and matched controls = 60. In case-control study II, cases = 50, community controls = 100, and healthy family members controls = 64.	MN, USA	Consumption of Cheese
Alley and Pijoan[33]	Salmonella Javiana Food Infection	Case series	Good2 (8)	July 1942	N = 40	NM, USA	Consumption of Cheese
Lehmacher et al.[21]	Nationwide Outbreak of Human Salmonellosis in Germany due to Contaminated Paprika and Paprika-powdered Potato Chips	Case series	Good2 (7)	April to July 1993	N = 1000 (estimated cases)	Germany	Consumption of paprika or paprika-spiced potato chips
Blostein[34]	An Outbreak of Salmonella Javiana Associated with Consumption of Watermelon	Case-control	Good1 (7)	June 1991	N = 57	MI, USA	Consumption of watermelon
Corby et al.[35]	Outbreaks of Salmonella Infections Associated with Eating Roma Tomatoes—United States and Canada, 2004	Case-control	Good1 (7)	July 2004	In USA study, N = 106; cases = 53, and controls = 53; In Canada study, N = 7	MD, MI, MO, NC, NH, OH, PA, VA, WV of USA and ON, CA	Ingestion of Roma tomatoes
Hedberg et al.[37]	Outbreaks of Salmonellosis Associated with Eating Uncooked Tomatoes: Implications for Public Health	Case-control	Fair1 (6)	June through August 1990	N = 176; In MN study, case = 32, and control = 34. In MI study, case = 12, and control = 12.	MN, MI, IL, and WI of USA	Consumption of tomatoes
Srikantiah et al.[39]	Web-based Investigation of Multistate Salmonellosis Outbreak	Case-control	Fair1 (6)	June to July, 2002	N = 82 cases responded to the survey	FL, USA	Ingestion of foods containing diced Roma tomatoes
Clarkson et al.[6]	Sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana Infections in Georgia and Tennessee: A Hypothesis-generating Study	Case-control	Fair1 (6)	August to October 2004	N = 896; 72 cases and 824 controls	GA and TN, USA	Drinking well water, and contact with reptiles or amphibians
Srikantiah et al.[24]	Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana Infections Associated with Amphibian Contact, Mississippi, 2001	Case-control	Good1 (8)	August to September 2001	N = 164; 55 cases, and 109 controls	MS, USA	Contact with pet and other animal
Shaw et al.[38]	Presence of Animal Feeding Operations and Community Socioeconomic Factors Impact Salmonellosis Incidence Rates: An Ecological Analysis Using Data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004–2010	Case series	Good2 (7)	2004 to 2010	N = 14,297	CT, GA, MD, MN, NM, OR, and TN, USA	Presence of broiler chicken operations
Rathore et al.[22]	Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonellae at a Tertiary Care Center in Northeast Florida	Case series	Fair2 (6)	1986 to 1992	N = 433 human NTS isolates. S. Javiana = 126.	FL, USA	Hospital environment exposure
Elward et al.[36]	Outbreak of Salmonella Javiana Infection at a Children’s Hospital	Case-control	Good1 (8)	May through June, 2003	N = 205; Cases = 101 and controls = 104.	MO, USA.	Consumption of salad bar foods at the cafeteria of the hospital

Note: Study quality appraisal tools:

^1.NOS

^2.NIHLB.