. 2019 Sep 2;18:302. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2931-7

Table 3.

Association of microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infection at delivery in maternal peripheral venous blood and placental blood with low birthweight, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction

Infection status	% (N/N total)	Adjusted odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P
P. falciparum infection at delivery (peripheral blood)
Low birthweight^a (n = 1878)
No infection	15.0 (272/1812)
Submicroscopic infection	17.2 (5/29)	1.00	(0.35, 2.83)	0.99
Microscopic infection	29.7 (11/37)	2.75	(1.27, 5.94)	0.010
Preterm birth^b (n = 1229)
No infection	8.2 (97/1190)
Submicroscopic infection	5.9 (1/17)	0.54	(0.07, 4.29)	0.56
Microscopic infection	31.8 (7/22)	6.58	(2.46, 17.62)	< 0.001
Small for gestational age^a (n = 1229)
No infection	24.1 (287/1190)
Submicroscopic infection	29.4 (5/17)	1.32	(0.44, 3.96)	0.63
Microscopic infection	31.8 (7/22)	1.71	(0.67, 4.39)	0.26
P. falciparum infection at delivery (placental blood)
Low birthweight^a (n = 1272)
No infection	13.8 (170/1228)
Submicroscopic infection	28.6 (4/14)	2.85	(0.82, 9.91)	0.10
Microscopic infection	30.0 (9/30)	2.08	(0.87, 4.98)	0.10
Preterm birth^b (n = 781)
No infection	6.9 (52/749)
Submicroscopic infection	18.2 (2/11)	3.34	(0.66, 16.83)	0.15
Microscopic infection	19.1 (4/21)	3.04	(0.89, 10.3)	0.08
Small for gestational age^a (n = 781)
No infection	21.4 (160/749)
Submicroscopic infection	36.4 (4/11)	2.60	(0.71, 9.56)	0.15
Microscopic infection	33.3 (7/21)	1.62	(0.61, 4.34)	0.34

^a Adjusted for treatment arm, gender of the baby, gravidity, number of study visits, enrolment clinic, bed net use, nutritional status, stunting, socio-economic status and timing of birthweight measurement

^b Adjusted for treatment arm, gender of the baby, gravidity, number of study visits, enrolment clinic, bed net use, nutritional status, stunting, and socio-economic status