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. 2019 Aug 30;9(8):e030496. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030496

Table 4.

Potentially harmful practices observed during assessment visit

% of births observed All public sector (n=636)
Harmful or inappropriate practices that are never indicated
 Bathing of newborn within first hour after birth 0.2% (1)
Practices done without an appropriate indication
 Routine aspiration of newborn mouth and nose at birth 14.2% (90)
Disrespectful or abusive practices
 Slapping newborn 1.9% (12)
 Holding newborn upside down 4.6% (29)