Table 2.

Factors and associations (or non-associations) with participation in breast cancer screening among women in mainland China

Category	Factor	Studies displaying a positive association (p<0.05)	Studies displaying a negative association (p<0.05)	Studies displaying no association (p≥0.05)
Sociodemographic factors	Geographical region (Eastern China)	9,23, 24
	Residential area (living in urban areas)	9,20,21,33		24
	Ethnicity (ethnic majority)	9,23, 32		24, 35
	Older age	36	9, 24, 25	20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 37
	Being married	9, 34		20, 24-26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35
	Higher education	9, 20-24, 26, 31, 32, 35		27-30, 33, 34, 37
	Being employed	9, 20, 35, 36	34	23, 26, 29, 31, 32, 37
	Higher household income	9, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33		22, 25, 28, 34, 35, 37
	Medical insurance	9, 24		27, 28, 30, 33, 37
Health-related factors	Body mass index		27	32
	History of childbearing (none or one child)	32		35
	Personal history of breast disease	20, 27, 33-35
	Family history of breast cancer	31		20, 27, 35, 36
	Family history of other cancer			27, 35
	Age ≤12 years at menarche	32		27
	Perceived poor health status	9, 36		32, 34
	History of induced abortion		27
Knowledge	High level of knowledge about breast cancer	20, 27, 28, 36		23, 30, 35, 37
Perceptions	Positive attitude towards breast cancer screening	23, 28, 37		35
	Perceived less barriers to breast cancer screening	22, 34		30-32
	High perceived benefits of screening	22, 32		30, 31
	High perceived susceptibility to breast cancer	22, 31, 36		27
	High perceived severity of breast cancer	22		31
	High self-efficacy	30, 31
	High level of social support	36
	Quality of life	26
Cues to action	Access to breast cancer information	36
	Past screening behaviours for breast disease	25, 30, 35, 37
	Physical examination	9, 21, 37
	Opportunity to attend breast examination	33, 34
	Availability of medical specialists/equipment for breast examination	26, 34, 36
	Being aware of free screening policy	28
	Physical recommendation	37