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Thioredoxin (TXN) is a main constituent in an antioxidant pathway that neutralizes Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2−), to prevent oxidative damage. TXN exists in active (reduced) and inactive (oxidized) states. Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TXNRD1) is responsible for reducing 2HC-TXN (TXN with attached double hydrocarbon) into its active form. Therefore, in the presence of more ROS, an increased expression of TXNRD1 occurs to protect the cells from oxidative damage.
