. 2019 Aug 18;8(8):317. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080317

Table 3.

Content of silymarin (mg/g) and its constituents in tested milk thistle-based dietary supplements analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (U-HPLC-HRMS/MS). Data are presented with standard deviations (SDs). The statistical significance was assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s post-hoc test (p > 0.05), and is indicated by superscripts. Statistically significant levels were denoted with different letters.

Formula No.	Taxifolin C₁₅H₁₂O₇	Silychristin C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	Silydianin C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	Silybin A C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	Silybin B C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	Isosilybin A C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	Isosilybin B C₂₅H₂₂O₁₀	2,3-dehydrosilybin C₂₅H₂₀O₁₀	SILYMARIN—Sum of Constituents
1	6.7 ± 0.2 ^g,h	49.7 ± 1.5 ^m,n	13.4 ± 0.4 ^g,h	89.4 ± 2.4 ^o	110.7 ± 3.2 ⁿ	24.0 ± 0.9 ^k	8.0 ± 0.3 ^l	0.9 ± 0.0 ^c,d	302.8 ± 16.4 ^q
2	4.3 ± 0.1 ^e	39.8 ± 1.2 ^i,j	13.3 ± 0.4 ^g,h	17.3 ± 0.5 ^c,d	29.0 ± 0.8 ^d	18.0 ± 0.6 ^h,i	6.6 ± 0.3 ^h,i,j,k	1.3 ± 0.1 ^h,i	129.5 ± 7.0 ^e,f,g
3	2.0 ± 0.0 ^c	12.2 ± 0.1 ^c	4.7 ± 0.1 ^c	21.6 ± 0.1 ^d,e	5.2 ± 0.2 ^c	5.5 ± 0.0 ^b	0.5 ± 0.0 ^b	0.5 ± 0.0b	69.8 ± 3.8 ^c,d
4	0.5 ± 0.1 ^a	3.7 ± 0.1 ^c	2.0 ± 0.1 ^b	4.4 ± 0.6 ^a,b	21.5 ± 0.6 ^a	1.4 ± 0.2 ^a	1.9 ± 0.1 ^a	0.1 ± 0.0 ^a	17.8 ± 1.0 ^a,b
5	0.1 ± 0.0 ^a	1.0 ± 0.0 ^a	0.6 ± 0.0 ^a	1.1 ± 0.0 ^a	1.9 ± 0.1 ^a	0.5 ± 0.0 ^a	0.2 ± 0.0 ^a	0.1 ± 0.0a	5.4 ± 0.3 ^a
6	1.2 ± 0.0 ^b	9.2 ± 0.3 ^c	4.3 ± 0.1 ^c	13.4 ± 0.4 ^c	13.8 ± 0.4 ^b	4.3 ± 0.2 ^b	1.7 ± 0.1 ^b	0.4 ± 0.0 ^b	48.5 ± 2.6 ^b,c
7	3.0 ± 0.1 ^d	17.5 ± 0.5 ^d	8.2 ± 0.2 ^e	28.1 ± 0.8 ^f,g	32.0 ± 0.9 ^d,e	8.2 ± 0.3 ^c	3.0 ± 0.1 ^c	0.9 ± 0.0 ^c,d	100.9 ± 5.4 ^d,e
8	5.3 ± 0.2 ^f	35.9 ± 1.1 ^g,h	14.0 ± 0.4 ^h	59.1 ± 1.6 ^k	73.2 ± 2.1 ^j	17.7 ± 0.6 ^h,i	8.0 ± 0.3 ^l	2.4 ± 0.1 ^l	215.5 ± 11.6 ^m,n,o
9	7.0 ± 0.2 ^h	40.6 ± 1.3 ^i,j,k	12.6 ± 0.4 ^g	70.7 ± 1.9 ^m,n	84.6 ± 2.5 ^l,m	19.1 ± 0.7 ^i,j	6.9 ± 0.3 ^i,j,k	1.2 ± 0.1 ^h,i	242.7 ± 13.1 ^o,p
10	0.4 ± 0.0 ^a	4.1 ± 0.1 ^a,b	0.6 ± 0.0 ^a	6.6 ± 0.2 ^b	6.0 ± 0.2 ^a	1.8 ± 0.1 ^a	0.8 ± 0.0 ^a	0.5 ± 0.0 ^b	20.8 ± 1.1 ^a,b
11	5.1 ± 0.0 ^f	31.8 ± 1.0 ^e,f	9.7 ± 0.3 ^f	46.6 ± 1.3 ⁱ	58.4 ± 1.7 ^h,i	13.9 ± 0.5 ^d,e,f	4.9 ± 0.2 ^d,e	1.0 ± 0.1 ^d,e,f	171.4 ± 9.4 ^h,i,j,k
12	7.9 ± 0.3 ^i,j	38.2 ± 1.2 ^g,h,i	6.2 ± 0.2 ^d	27.8 ± 0.8 ^f,g	38.6 ± 1.1 ^f	15.5 ± 0.6 ^e,g	4.8 ± 0.2 ^d	1.9 ± 0.1 ^k	140.8 ± 7.6 ^f,g,h
13	4.8 ± 0.2 ^e,f	31.5 ± 1.0 ^e,f	8.8 ± 0.2 ^e,f	18.8 ± 0.5 ^d	27.2 ± 0.8 ^d	13.4 ± 0.5 ^d	5.3 ± 0.2 ^d,e,f	1.2 ± 0.1 ^g,h,i	111.1 ± 6.0 ^e,f
14	9.0 ± 0.3 ^k	38.1 ± 1.2 ^g,h,i	13.3 ± 0.4 ^g,h	25.1 ± 0.7 ^e,f	37.2 ± 1.1 ^e,f	16.2 ± 0.6 ^g,h	6.0 ± 0.3 ^f,g,h	1.3 ± 0.1 ^h,i	146.3 ± 7.9 ^g,h,i
15	8.6 ± 0.3 ^j,k	38.0 ± 1.2 ^g,h,i	12.3 ± 0.3 ^g	42.2 ± 1.1 ^h	54.0 ± 1.6 ^g,h	15.5 ± 0.6 ^e,f,g	5.7 ± 0.2 ^e,f,g	1.2 ± 0.1 ^g,h,i	177.5 ± 9.6 ^i,j,k
16	0.6 ± 0.0 ^a,b	4.9 ± 0.2 ^b	1.7 ± 0.0 ^a,b	6.6 ± 0.2 ^b	6.8 ± 0.2 ^a	2.3 ± 0.1 ^a	0.9 ± 0.0 ^a	0.4 ± 0.0 ^b	24.2 ± 1.3 ^a,b
17	11.0 ± 0.4 ^m,n	66.8 ± 2.1 ^p	34.8 ± 1.0 ^l	105.5 ± 2.8 ^p	130.2 ± 3.8 ^o	30.9 ± 1.1 ^m	11.7 ± 0.5 ^o	1.6 ± 0.1 ^j	392.5 ± 21.2 ^s
18	12.9 ± 0.4 ^p	58.8 ± 1.8 ^o	27.4 ± 0.8 ^k	92.4 ± 2.5 ^o	111.3 ± 3.2 ⁿ	27.7 ± 1.0 ^l	10.3 ± 0.4 ⁿ	1.5 ± 0.1 ^j	342.4 ± 18.5 ^r
19	9.9 ± 0.3 ^l	60.3 ± 1.9 ^o	36.2 ± 1.0 ^m	93.2 ± 2.5 ^o	114.1 ± 3.3 ⁿ	30.1 ± 1.1 ^m	7.1 ± 0.3 ^i,j,k	1.9 ± 0.1 ^k	352.7 ± 19.0 ^r
20	6.1 ± 0.2 ^g	44.2 ± 1.4 ^k,l	21.6 ± 0.6 ^j	41.3 ± 1.1 ^h	60.0 ± 1.7 ⁱ	20.1 ± 0.7 ^j	8.9 ± 0.4 ^m	1.4 ± 0.1 ⁱ	203.6 ± 11.0 ^l,m,n
21	10.7 ± 0.3 ^m	42.8 ± 1.3 ^j,k	12.1 ± 0.3 ^g	69.0 ± 1.9 ^m	81.8 ± 2.4 ^k,l	18.7 ± 0.7 ^ij	6.3 ± 0.3 ^g,h,i	0.8 ± 0.0 ^c,d	242.3 ± 13.1 ^o,p
22	11.6 ± 0.4 ^n,o	46.6 ± 1.4 ^l,m	13.1 ± 0.4 ^g,h	74.0 ± 2.0 ⁿ	87.8 ± 2.5 ^m	20.0 ± 0.7 ^j	7.3 ± 0.3 ^k,l	0.9 ± 0.0 ^c,d,e	261.3 ± 14.1 ^p
23	12.2 ± 0.4 ^o,p	51.6 ± 1.6 ⁿ	15.9 ± 0.4 ⁱ	31.4 ± 0.8 ^g	52.9 ± 1.5 ^g,h	20.4 ± 0.7 ^j	7.2 ± 0.3 ^j,k	1.6 ± 0.1 ^j	193.2 ± 10.4 ^k,l,m
24	8.8 ± 0.3 ^k	34.5 ± 1.1 ^f,g	9.9 ± 0.3 ^f	52.0 ± 1.4 ^j	62.9 ± 1.8 ⁱ	13.6 ± 0.5 ^d,f	5.1 ± 0.2 ^d,e	0.8 ± 0.0 ^c	187.5 ± 10.1 ^k,l,m
25	7.7 ± 0.2 ⁱ	30.5 ± 0.9 ^e	12.1 ± 0.3 ^g	41.5 ± 1.1 ^h	50.9 ± 1.5 ^g	12.8 ± 0.5 ^d	5.0 ± 0.2 ^d,e	0.9 ± 0.0 ^c,d	161.4 ± 8.7 ^g,h,i,j
26	9.3 ± 0.3 ^k,l	39.6 ± 1.2 ^h,i,j	15.3 ± 0.4 ⁱ	64.2 ± 1.7 ^l	76.4 ± 2.2 ^j,k	17.5 ± 0.6 ^h,i	6.4 ± 0.3 ^g,h,i,j	1.1 ± 0.1 ^e,f,g	230.0 ± 12.4 ^n,o,p