Table 2.
Ingredients and chemical composition of the custom-formulated concentrate respectively administered to control group (CG) and experimental group (EG).
| Ingredients (%) | Diet | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CG | EG | ||
| Beet pulp, dried | 11 | 1 | |
| Corn | 8.5 | 8.8 | |
| Grain dust | 15 | 9 | |
| Grape pomace meal | 10 | ||
| Fine bran | 20 | 22 | |
| Sunflower seed | 1.5 | 1.5 | |
| Barley | 30 | 34 | |
| Soybean meal | 4.2 | 4.9 | |
| Molasses | 1 | 1 | |
| Soybean hull | 3.5 | 2.5 | |
| Mineral premix | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Commot salt | 0.8 | 0.8 | |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 1 | 1 | |
| Vitamin Premix | 1 | 1 | |
| Chemical composition (%) | DGP | CG | EG |
| Dry Matter (DM) | 90.43 | 90.20 | 90.44 |
| Crude protein † | 12.45 | 14.80 | 14.03 |
| Ether extract † | 4.02 | 3.81 | 4.00 |
| Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) † | 38.76 | 20.33 | 18.97 |
| Acid detergent fiber (ADF) † | 37.53 | 7.89 | 8.27 |
| Starch † | nd | 29.01 | 28.69 |
| Ash † | 11.08 | 7.46 | 7.77 |
| TPC ‡ (GAE mg/g) | 15.87 ± 1.33 | nd | 0.24 ± 0.03 |
| Fatty acids § | DGP | CG | EG |
| C16:0 | 9.97 ± 0.86 | 21.54 ± 1.44 | 19.28 ± 1.55 |
| C18:0 | 2.16 ± 0.22 | 2.36 ± 0.19 | 1.98 ± 0.19 |
| C18:1 cis-9 | 15.56 ± 1.34 | 19.27 ± 1.60 | 17.55 ± 1.41 |
| C18:2 cis-9 cis-12 | 71.59 ± 5.03 | 53.11 ± 2.01 a | 58.31 ± 2.85 b |
| C18:3 cis-9 cis-12 cis-15 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 1.37 ± 0.12 | 1.09 ± 0.11 |
† Data are reported on a dry matter (DM) basis. ‡ Total phenolic compounds (TPC) are reported as Gallic Acid Equivalent (mg/g). § Data are expressed as mean percentage on total fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) ± standard deviation. a,b Means with different superscripts are significantly different by diet (p < 0.05). DGP = dried grape pomace; nd = not detectable.