Figure 5.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) attenuates [Ca²⁺] and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). (A) The calcium ion levels were detected with fluorescence probe Fluo-3, AM by a fluorescence microscope (200×). (B) Western blot analysis of GRP78, CHOP, phospho-IRE1, phospho-eIF2α, ATF4, and ATF6 upon different treatment. (C) Bar graphs show quantification of the protein levels. The experiments were repeated at least three times. The results are presented as the mean ± SD. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. corresponding control group; # p < 0.05 H₂O₂ group vs. H₂S + H₂O₂ group).