Figure 4.

Effects of ARAE on phosphorylation of (A) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), (B) p38, and (C) c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Cells were seeded on a culture plate and pre-incubated for 18 h. Control cells were incubated with vehicle alone. Cells were stimulated with LPS for 30 min. (D) The histograms show protein expression levels relative to those of total-type protein. CON: control; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; ARAE: Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba ethanolic extract; DMS: dexamethasone.