Table 1.
Characteristics of women in the study.
| Characteristics | All Women in the Study n = 3842 |
No Antenatal Symptoms n = 1948 |
Antenatal Anxiety and Depression Symptoms n = 85 |
Symptoms of Antenatal Anxiety, No Antenatal Depression n = 198 |
Symptoms of Antenatal Depression, No Antenatal Anxiety n = 7 * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at inclusion, mean (min–max) | 30 (18–45) | 30 (18–45) | 30 (19–42) | 31 (18–43) | 32 (26–36) |
| Nulliparity, n (%) | 1431/3682 (38.9%) | 768/1915 (40.1%) | 28/82 (34.1%) | 78/198 (39.4%) | 0/5 |
| Educational level | |||||
| Elementary or lower tracts secondary | 154/1879 (8.1%) | 93/1360 (6.8%) | 12/54 (22.2%) | 18/119 (15.1%) | 1/5 |
| Higher tracts secondary | 567/1879 (30.0%) | 403/1360 (29.6%) | 15/54 (27.8%) | 41/119 (34.5%) | 3/5 |
| Higher vocational or university | 1158/1879 (61.6%) | 864/1360 (63.5) | 27/54 (50.0%) | 60/119 (50.4%) | 1/5 |
| No events related to the pregnancy, n (%) | 1218/2449 (49.7%) | 856/1685 (50.8%) | 23/65 (35.4%) | 65/147 (44.2%) | 2/5 |
| median (min–max) | 1 (0–5) | 0 (0–5) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) |
| No events related to health and sickness of self or loved ones, n (%) | 1516/2407 (63.0%) | 1080/1666 (64.8%) | 29/64 (45.3%) | 77/142 (54.2%) | 2/5 |
| median (min–max) | 0 (0–8) | 0 (0–8) | 1 (0–6) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–5) |
| No events related to partner relation or conflicts with loved ones, n (%) | 1909/2480 (77.0%) | 1366/1705 (80.1) | 29/65 (44.6%) | 91/147 (61.9%) | 1/5 |
| median (min–max) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) |
| No events related to work, finance, or housing problems, n (%) | 1151/2453 (46.9%) | 845/1688 (50.1%) | 11/64 (17.2%) | 40/146 (27.4%) | 1/5 |
| median (min–max) | 1 (0–9) | 0 (0–8) | 2 (0–8) | 1 (0–7) | 2 (0–6) |
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||||
| spontaneous vaginal delivery | 1737/2343 (74.1%) | 1190/1613 (73.8%) | 41/59 (69.5%) | 107/139 (77.0%) | 4/5 |
| vacuum or forceps extraction | 244/2343 (10.4%) | 173/1613 (10.7%) | 6/59 (10.2%) | 10/139 (7.2%) | 0/5 |
| caesarean section | 362/2343 (15.5%) | 250/1613 (15.5%) | 12/59 (20.3%) | 22/139 (5.8%) | 1/5 |
| Unfavorable obstetric outcomes: preterm or low birth weight, n (%) | 325/3634 (8.9%) | 128/1889 (6.8%) | 4/82 (4.9%) | 22/196 (11.2%) | 0/7 |
| Baseline level anxiety (STAI), mean (SD) b | 33 (9.20) | 30 (5.97) | 57 (8.90) | 48 (5.07) | 39 (2.62) |
| Postpartum level anxiety (STAI), mean (SD) c | 32 (10.27) | 31 (8.91) | 48 (14.86) | 40 (11.47) | 37 (4.19) |
| Baseline level depression (EPDS), mean (SD) d | 4 (3.77) | 4 (2.67) | 16 (2.95) | 8 (2.61) | 13 (0.38) |
| Postpartum level depression (EPDS), mean (SD) e | 5 (4.06) | 4 (3.46) | 12 (5.58) | 7 (4.88) | 7 (2.50) |
SD, standard deviation; STAI, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (min–max 20–80); EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (min–max 0–30). * Due to the low number of women in this group, no percentages were calculated.