Table 2.
Associations of postpartum levels of anxiety and depression with antenatal symptoms, specific life events, and delivery complications. N = 3842.
| Variables | Postpartum Anxiety Symptoms (N = 283) |
Postpartum Depression Symptoms (N = 92) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | p-Value | B (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Anxiety baseline | 5.68 (5.27, 6.09) | <0.001 | 0.57 (1.81, 2.28) | <0.001 |
| Depression baseline | 2.78 (2.16, 3.40) | <0.001 | 2.47 (2.31, 2.62) | <0.001 |
| Events—pregnancy | 0.11 (−0.44, 0.66) | 0.702 | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.16) | 0.610 |
| Events—health and sickness of self or loved ones | 1.03 (0.55, 1.52) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.18, 0.54) | <0.001 |
| Events—partner relation or conflicts with loved ones | 1.73 (1.06, 2.40) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.24, 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Events—work, finance, or housing problems | 1.01 (0.70, 1.32) | <0.001 | 0.23 (0.10, 0.35) | <0.001 |
| Mode of delivery | ||||
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery vs. vacuum or forceps | −0.61 (−2.02, 0.80) | 0.399 | 0.48 (−0.07, 1.02) | 0.085 |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery vs. caesarean section | 0.01 (−1.18, 1.19) | 0.992 | 0.23 (−0.23, 0.68) | 0.326 |
| Preterm delivery or small for gestational age | 0.90 (−1.02, 2.81) | 0.359 | 0.29 (−0.43, 1.01) | 0.434 |
Multivariable linear regression analyses. Antenatal levels of anxiety and depression were standardized by calculating z-scores. Analyses on symptoms of postpartum anxiety were adjusted for baseline anxiety levels. Analyses on symptoms of postpartum depression were adjusted for baseline depression levels. CI, confidence interval.