Akt	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
APN	Adiponectin
AP	Action potential
AV	Atrioventricular
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
β-AR	β-adrenoceptors
Ca2+	Calcium ion
[Ca2+]c	Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration
[Ca2+]m	Mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration
CICR	Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release
CK	Creatine kinase
ECG	Electrocardiogram
GSK3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
GC	Guanylate cyclase
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
HDL	High density lipoproteins
HDSO	2-O-desulfated heparin
IHD	Ischemic heart diseases
I/R	Ischemia and reperfusion
LDL	Low density lipoprotein
LMWH	Low molecular weight heparins
L-NAME	Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
MAPK	Mitogen activated protein kinases
MCU	Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter
mKATP	Mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ channels
mNHE	Mitochondrial Na+/ H+-exchanger
MPTP	Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
[Na+]c	Cytosolic Na+ concentration
NADH	Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NCX	Na+/Ca2+-exchanger
NO	Nitric oxide
NOHA	N-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
PI3K	Phosphatidyl inositol 3′-hydroxy kinase
PKA	Protein kinase A
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKG	Protein kinase G
PMCA	Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RyR	Ryanodine receptors
SA	Sinoatrial
SERCA	Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum
SHR	Spontaneously hypertensive rats
SNO	S-nitrosylation
SR	Sarcoplasmic reticulum
TnI	Troponin I
TmT	Tropomyosin T
TnT	Troponin T
TDH	Trisulfated dissacharide derived from heparin
VDAC	Voltage-dependent anion channel
VDCC	Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel
VGEF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
VLDL	Very low-density lipoprotein