Table 4.

Total GE ($\alpha$) Values Based on City’s Average Score Per 10,000 People (at city level).

Grouping at City Level N = Observation, aw: Analytical Weight	Theil’s L GE(0)	Theil’s T GE(1)
City (N = 308, aw: city population)	0.337	0.330
Subgroups by city administrative level (N = 308, aw: city population)	Theil’s L GE(0)	Theil’s T GE(1)
2-Provincial capital 3-Sub-provincial leveled city 4-Prefecture	0.055 0.091 0.184	0.052 0.098 0.175
GE_W(α) GE_B(α)	47.52% 52.47%	35.93% 64.07%

Source: Calculated by the authors. Note: GE_W(α)denotes the within-group inequality for $\mathsf{\alpha }=0\mathrm{or}1$, and GE_B(α) denotes the between-groups inequality for $\mathsf{\alpha }=0\mathrm{or}1$.