2-OG	2-oxoglutarate
8OHdG	8-Oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine
ACAD	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
AIF	apoptosis-inducing factor
AKT	protein kinase B
AMP	adenosine mono-phosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ApoB100	apolipoprotein B100
APOA1	Apolipoprotein A1
ATP	adenine triphosphate
ARTS	TGF-ß signalling pathway
BCAA	branched-chain amino acids
BCKD	branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase
Bax/Bak	Bcl-2-associated X protein
Bcl-xL	B-cell lymphoma-extra large
CAT	catalase
CCl4	carbon tetrachloride
ChREBP	carbohydrate responsive element binding protein
CPT-1	carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
CVDs	cardiovascular diseases
CYC	cytochrome C
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns
D-GalN	D-galactosamine
EndoG	endonuclease G
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ETC	electron transport chain
FABPs	fatty acid binding proteins
FATP-1/4	fatty acid transport protein 1/4
FAS	fatty acid synthase
FFA	free fatty acids
FAD	flavin adenine dinucleotide
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1
GLUT2	glucose transporter 2
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	glutathione
GSTs	glutathione S-transferase
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HCD	high cholesterol diet
HDL	high density lipoproteins
HFD	high-fat diet
HNE	trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
HSD	high sugar diet
HSL	hormone-sensitive lipase
HTRA2/Omi	high temperature requirement protein A2/ stress-regulated endoprotease
IAPs	inhibitor of apoptosis proteins
IHTG	intrahepatic triglyceride
IL-6	interleukin-6
IR	insulin resistance
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LD	lipid droplets
LDL	low density lipoproteins
LPL	lipoprotein lipase
LPS	lipopolysaccharides
LXRs	liver-X receptors
MCP-1	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MetS	metabolic syndrome
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
MnSOD	superoxide dismutase 2
MOMP	mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
mtGSH	mitochondrial glutathione
MTP	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
mPTP	mitochondrial transition pore
MUFAs	monounsaturated fatty acids
NADH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAFL	non-alcoholic fatty liver
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
Nrf1/2	promoting nuclear respiratory factor 1/2
NMR	nuclear magnetic ressonance
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PAMPs	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PARP-1	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
PC	pyruvate carboxylase
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase
PEPCK	phosphoenolpyruvate kinase
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PPAR-α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
PTEN	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase
PTX	pentoxifylline
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fatty acids
PUMA	upregulated modulator of apoptosis
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCD-1	stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
SLC25A1	tricarboxylate carrier protein
Smac	second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SREBP1c	sterol regulatory element binding factor 1c
STZ	streptozotocin
T2DM	type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
TAG	triglycerides
TC	total cholesterol
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TFAM	mitochondrial transcription factor A
T-OAC	total antioxidant capacity
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor α
UDCA	ursodeoxycholic acid
VLDL	very-low density lipoproteins
WAT	white adipose tissue