Table 1.
Individual phenolic compounds content in Viburnum opulus samples.
| Hydroxybenzoic Acid (HBA) | Rt [min] |
λmax [nm] |
FJ | MAE | AE | PRF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mg/g of Juice | mg/g of Extract | |||||
| Gallic acid | 1.92 | 282.7 | n.d. | 0.21 ± 0.00 a | 0.40 ± 0.00 b | n.d. |
| Flavanols | 1.21 ± 0.01 | 22.84 ± 0.05 | 15.46 ± 0.22 | 100.74 ± 0.10 | ||
| Procyanidin B1 | 4.50 | 278.7 | 0.31 ± 0.00 b | 3.28 ± 0.03 c | 2.46 ± 0.01 a | 29.76 ± 0.05 d |
| (+)-Catechin | 5.19 | 278.7 | 0.68 ± 0.01 b | 9.71 ± 0.01 c | 5.70 ± 0.00 a | 53.18 ± 0.03 d |
| Procyanidin B2 | 5.98 | 278.7 | 0.22 ± 0.00 a | 5.44 ± 0.02 c | 3.77 ± 0.03 b | 17.79 ± 0.02 d |
| (−)-Epicatechin | 6.85 | 277.7 | n.d. | 4.42 ± 0.02 b | 3.53 ± 0.18 a | n.d. |
| Hydroxycinnamic Acids (HCA) | 7.97 ± 0.02 | 96.37 ± 0.14 | 84.27 ± 0.26 | 645.85 ± 2.00 | ||
| Neochlorogenic acid | 3.94 | 323.7 | n.d. | 0.16 ± 0.00 b | 0.15 ± 0.00 a | 0,36 ± 0.00 c |
| Chlorogenic acid | 5.55 | 325.7 | 7.97 ± 0.02 a | 96.22 ± 0.14 c | 84.31 ± 0.26 b | 645.49 ± 2.00 |
| Flavonols | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.54 ± 0.00 | 0.48 ± 0.00 | 2.35 ± 0.00 | ||
| Rutin | 9.66 | 353.7 | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | n.d. | 0.12 ± 0.00 a | 1.09 ± 0.00 c |
| Isorhamnetin | 9.93 | 353.7 | 0.002 ± 0.000 a | n.d. | n.d. | 0.12 ± 0.00 b |
| Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside | 11.20 | 353.7 | 0.01 ± 0.00 a | 0.26 ± 0.00c | 0.18 ± 0.00 b | 0.84 ± 0.00 d |
| Quercetin | 11.55 | 352.7 | n.d. | 0.28 ± 0.00 b | 0.17 ± 0.00 a | 0.30 ± 0.00 c |
| Anthocyanins | 1.12 ± 0.00 | 2.07 ± 0.01 | 1.45 ± 0.00 | 78.06 ± 0.68 | ||
| Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside | 6.83 | 516.7 | 0.85 ± 0.00 | 0.74 ± 0.00 | 0.56 ± 0.00 | 55.78 ± 0.69 |
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 7.03 | 515.7 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.00 | 0.58 ± 0.00 | 17.08 ± 0.01 |
| Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside | 7.36 | 518.7 | 0.06 ± 0.00 | 0.47 ± 0.00 | 0.31 ± 0.00 | 5.21 ± 0.01 |
| Phenolics Total | 10.32 ± 0.03 | 121.83 ± 0.19 | 101.67 ± 0.41 | 827.00 ± 1.68 | ||
n.d.—not detected; FJ—fresh juice, MAE—methanol-acetone extract from pomace; AE—acetone extract from pomace; PRF—phenolic rich fraction from FJ. Results are expressed as a mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). The values expressed with the different superscript letter (a, b, c) within the same column differ significantly (one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p ≤ 0.05).