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. 2019 Aug 14;20(16):3962. doi: 10.3390/ijms20163962

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The Ca²⁺-dependent activation of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). VEGF binding to VEGFR2 causes an increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration that displaces caveolin 1 (CaV1) from eNOS, thereby removing the tonic inhibition and inducing NO release. VEGF may impinge on several Ca²⁺ entry/release pathways to engage eNOS, including InsP₃R, TPC2 and Orai1. See Figure 1 and Section 4.6. for further details.