Table 1.
Survey-weighted characteristics of children in the sample
| Characteristic | No | Population estimate |
| Dependent variables | ||
| HAZ, mean (SD) | 11 674 | −1.68 (1.14) |
| Stunted, % (95% CI) | 11 674 | 39.1 (37.4 to 40.8) |
| Severely stunted, % (95% CI) | 11 674 | 12.1 (11.0 to 13.4) |
| Independent variables | ||
| Maternal current contraceptive use, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| No use | 44.3 (42.8 to 45.9) | |
| Traditional method | 10.9 (10.1 to 11.7) | |
| Modern method, <15 months | 22.9 (21.7 to 24.2) | |
| Modern method, ≥15 months | 21.9 (20.8 to 23.1) | |
| Maternal prior contraceptive use, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| No use | 49.8 (48.3 to 51.4) | |
| Traditional method | 11.4 (10.5 to 12.4) | |
| Modern method | 38.8 (37.3 to 40.3) | |
| Birth interval, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| Less than 24 months | 12.8 (12.0 to 13.6) | |
| 24 months or greater | 55.3 (54.2 to 56.5) | |
| No preceding interval | 31.9 (30.9 to 33.0) | |
| Birth order, median (IQR) | 12 440 | 2 (1 to 4) |
| Confounding variables | ||
| Child’s age in months, median (IQR) | 11 962 | 29 (14 to 44) |
| Mother age in years, median (IQR) | 12 440 | 27 (23 to 32) |
| Wealth index, median (IQR) | 12 440 | −49 854 (-107 310 to 33 359) |
| Male sex, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | 51.9 (50.9 to 52.9) |
| Rural area of residence, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | 64.2 (62.2 to 66.2) |
| Maternal education, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| None | 18.9 (17.5 to 20.3) | |
| Incomplete primary | 35.2 (33.7 to 36.7) | |
| Primary | 17.3 (16.3 to 18.3) | |
| Incomplete secondary | 17.7 (16.6 to 18.9) | |
| Complete secondary | 7.4 (6.6 to 8.2) | |
| Higher | 3.6 (3.2 to 4.2) | |
| Partner education, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| No education | 12.5 (11.5 to 13.7) | |
| Incomplete primary | 31.0 (29.7 to 32.4) | |
| Primary | 19.6 (18.6 to 20.7) | |
| Incomplete secondary | 19.3 (18.1 to 20.6) | |
| Complete secondary | 8.4 (7.7 to 9.2) | |
| Higher | 4.4 (3.9 to 5.0) | |
| No partner or unknown | 4.7 (4.2 to 5.2) | |
| Maternal literacy, % (95% CI) | 12 432 | |
| Not literate | 21.4 (19.8 to 23.0) | |
| Semiliterate | 12.9 (11.9 to 13.9) | |
| Literate | 65.8 (63.9 to 67.6) | |
| Maternal marital status, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| Never in union | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.0) | |
| Current partner | 87.5 (86.7 to 88.3) | |
| Former partner | 8.0 (7.4 to 8.7) | |
| Region of country, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | |
| Metropolitan Guatemala city | 15.4 (13.8 to 17.2) | |
| North | 11.3 (10.0 to 12.8) | |
| Northeast | 9.1 (8.0 to 10.4) | |
| Southeast | 8.9 (8.0 to 9.9) | |
| Central | 10.7 (9.7 to 11.9) | |
| Southwest | 23.6 (22.2 to 25.1) | |
| Northwest | 16.9 (15.3 to 18.6) | |
| Petén | 4.0 (3.3 to 4.9) | |
| Indigenous ethnicity, % (95% CI) | 12 436 | 51.9 (49.4 to 54.4) |
| Mayan language spoken in home, % (95% CI) | 12 440 | 30.5 (27.9 to 33.2) |
| Diarrhoea last 2 weeks, % (95% CI) | 12 038 | 19.2 (18.3 to 20.3) |
‘Population estimate’ refers to calculations that account for survey weighting and sampling design, thus making the values nationally representative in Guatemala. Of note, estimates differ slightly from the DHS report, which uses the Household Member Recode in its calculations.
DHS, Demographic and Health Survey; HAZ, height-for-age z-score.