Table 4.
Anti-adipogenic effect of coffee husk, coffee silverskin, and cocoa shell extracts (31–500 μg/mL) modulating lipid accumulation, intracellular triglyceride content, extracellular glycerol release, lipase activity, mitochondrial content, citrate synthase (CS) activity, and ATP content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Values are expressed as mean (µg/mL) ± SD (n = 3). Different letters among rows indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) according to ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple range test.
| Biomarkers | Coffee Husk | Coffee Silverskin | Cocoa Shell | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EC 30 | EC 50 | EC 30 | EC 50 | EC 30 | EC 50 | |
| Lipid accumulation | 132.7 ± 18.1a | 309.6 ± 23.8a | 220.8 ± 35.1b | 515.3 ± 46.1b | 388.1 ± 67.4c | 905.5 ± 88.4c |
| Triglyceride content | 64.9 ± 12.4a | 151.5 ± 30.5b | 49.6 ± 17.5a | 115.7 ± 22.3a | 353.1 ± 64.5b | 823.8 ± 146.7c |
| Glycerol release | <31.0 | <31.0 | <31.0 | <31.0 | 36.8 ± 8.4 | 85.9 ± 4.3 |
| Lipase activity | 357.3 ± 73.8b | 833.6 ± 106.7b | 210.9 ± 33.4a | 492.1 ± 48.6a | 422.2 ± 57.6b | 985.2 ± 142.9b |
| Mitochondrial content | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 | >500 |
| CS activity | 227.6 ± 43.1b | 531.1 ± 62.4b | 140.9 ± 22.8a | 328.9 ± 33.2a | 247.4 ± 51.4b | 577.2 ± 74.3b |
| ATP content | >500 | >500 | 251.8 ± 24.0a | 587.5 ± 35.2a | 312.4 ± 44.6b | 728.9 ± 65.1b |