Table 3.
Blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), and blood glucose (BG) of participants.
| Parameter | Noni group (n = 22) | Chokeberry group (n = 22) | ED group (n = 22) | Control group (n = 22) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before noni | After 3 noni | p | Before chokeberry | After chokeberry | p | Before ED | After 3 ED | p | Before water | After 3 water | p | |
| SBP (mm·Hg) | 119.6 ± 8.3 | 113.6 ± 8.5 | 0.024 | 125.6 ± 14.0 | 124.3 ± 16.1 | 0.766 | 119.2 ± 14.8 | 124.8 ± 14.1 | 0.206 | 124.3 ± 13.5 | 124.0 ± 11.4 | 0.933 |
| DBP (mm·Hg) | 77.0 ± 6.6 | 72.0 ± 4.8 | 0.006 | 84.0 ± 9.8 | 81.0 ± 9.9 | 0.304 | 73.9 ± 8.4 | 84.8 ± 9.9 | <0.001 | 77.7 ± 9.2 | 75.8 ± 8.0 | 0.477 |
| HR (beats per minute) | 77.4 ± 9.0 | 71.6 ± 8.1 | 0.030 | 79.3 ± 13.3 | 76.6 ± 13.7 | 0.507 | 76.9 ± 10.7 | 80.8 ± 11.4 | 0.243 | 71.2 ± 9.9 | 69.1 ± 9.0 | 0.457 |
| BG (mgdL−1) | 86.1 ± 10.6 | 79.8 ± 9.5 | 0.055 | 81.7 ± 11.4 | 80.5 ± 13.3 | 0.754 | 83.6 ± 15.0 | 96.8 ± 19.1 | 0.014 | 85.7 ± 11.1 | 81.6 ± 11.2 | 0.226 |
Data are mean ± SD; statistical significance at p < 0.05. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; BG: blood glucose.