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. 2019 Aug 14;8(8):304. doi: 10.3390/antiox8080304

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Silymarin (SILM) contents extracted from mature fruits of S. marianum as of function of (a) aqEtOH concentration (% (v/v)), (b) US frequency (kHz), (c) extraction duration (min), (d) extraction temperature (°C) and (e) liquid to solid ratio (mL/g DW). The complete description of each extraction conditions is presented in the text. Values are means ± SD of 6 independent replicates. Different letters (a–d) represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions (p < 0.05).