Figure 4.

Augmented oxidative stress and diminished antioxidant enzyme activities in the OZR bladder. In the bladder from the OZR, the oxidative stress parameters, such as ROS production (141%), MDA (75%), and protein carbonyl content (109%), were significantly increased compared with those obtained in the LZR (a). In addition, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, GR, and GPx were diminished. Results are shown as mean ± SD from 5 preparations. ROS, ^∗∗∗P = 0.0005vs. the LZR; MDA, ^∗∗P = 0.002vs. the LZR; and protein carbonyl content, ^∗∗∗P = 0.0005vs. the LZR value, unpaired Student's t-test (b).