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Aerobic exercise reduced muscle inflammation in CKD mice. (a) IL-6 and (b) TNF-α gene expression, normalized against GAPDH, assessed via real-time PCR. (c) Western blot of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β expression. (d) Quantification analysis of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β levels, normalized against β-actin. ∗P < 0 05, the Sham group vs. the CKD group. #P < 0 05, the CKD+AE group vs. the CKD group. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6).
