Figure 9.

Typical detection errors of analyzed PDAs: (a) CHT, detection error due to elliptical shape of the pupil; (b) EHT, canceling the error introduce by CHT algorithm; (c,d) RANSAC, two different runnings on the same eye image with corneal reflection; (e) ExCuSe, loss of detection in an image affected by corneal reflection and occluded by eyelashes; and (f) PROJ and (g) LSFE, images sensitive to binarization stage (noisy eye image or pupil with occlusions). Legend: Green line—ideal pupil contour and center; red line—detected pupil contour and center.