BRAF mutation spectrum in cancer. TCGA pan-cancer studies from cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org) were used for BRAF mutation lollipop plot. This plot summarizes 32 studies from TCGA that constitute 10,953 patients/10,967 samples. Somatic BRAF mutation frequency is 7.0% in these samples. The diagram shows the backbone of BRAF protein containing 766 amino acids (aa) with three main domains: (1) Raf-like RAS-binding domain (RBD, that spans 156–227 amino acids green), (2) phorbol esters/diacylglcerol-binding domain (C1 domain, 235–280aa, red), and (3) protein tyrosine kinase domain (Pkinase_Tyr, 458–712 aa, blue). The circles with different colors represent types of mutations: dark green, missense mutations; black, truncating mutations (including nonsense, nonstop, frameshift deletion, frameshift insertion, splice site mutations); dark red, in-frame deletion, in-frame insertion; pink, other mutations. Y-axis shows the frequency of particular BRAF mutations.