Table 1.
The study and patient characteristics of all 50 studies.
| Article | Year | miR | Sample Size | Anatomic Location | Assay Method | Study Population | Gender | Stage | Metastasis | Risk Factors | Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carvalho et al. [41] | 2015 | miR-203 miR-205 | 127 | Tongue 58.3% Floor of mouth 31.3% Alveolar ridge 8.3% Lower gum 2.1% | qRT-PCR | Brazil | Male (79.2%) | T2 (62.5%) | Metastases + ve (52.083%) Metastases − ve (47.916%) | Smoking (47.9%) | 43–84 |
| Hou et.al. [42] | 2015 | miR-223 miR-99a miR-21 | 16 | Head and Neck | qRT-PCR | Japan | Male (93.75%) | T2 (18.75%) T3 (12.5%) T4 (68.75%) | NA | NA | 48–80 |
| Maia et al. [43] | 2015 | miR-296-5p | 34 | Supraglottic 20.6% Glottic 79.4% | qRT-PCR | Brazil | Male (88.2%) | T1 (47.1%) T2 (52.9%) | NA | Tobacco (91.2%) | ≤60 years (47%) >60 years (53%) |
| Hudcova et al. [44] | 2016 | miR-29c miR-200b miR-375 | 42 | Head and Neck | qRT-PCR | Czech Republic | Male (100%) | T1 + T2 (45%) T3 + T4 (55%) | Metastases + ve (11.42%) Metastases − ve (88.57%) | NA | NA |
| Wang et al. [45] | 2015 | miR-451 | 50 | Head and Neck | qRT-PCR | China | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arantes et al. [46] | 2017 | miR-21 | 71 | Oropharynx 49.3% Larynx 39.4% Hypopharynx 11.3% | qRT-PCR | Brazil | Male (95.8%) | T2 + T3 (64.8%) T4 (35.2%) | NA | HPV (8.45%) Tobacco (80.3%) Alcohol (38.0%) | 40–76 |
| Xu et al. [47] | 2015 | miR-483-5p | 101 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR | China | Male (76.2%) | T1 + T2 (50.5%) T3 + T4 (49.5%) | NA | Smoking (72.3%) Alcohol (68.3%) | 53.2 ± 10.3 |
| Li et al. [48] | 2015 | miR-93 | 103 | Supraglottic 25.24% Glottic 55.33% Hypopharynx 9.7% Oral Cavity 9.7% | ISH, qRT-PCR | China | Male (96.1%) | T1 (15.5%) T2 (35%) T3 (40.8%) T4 (8.7%) | Metastases + ve (38.83%) | NA | <58 (46%) ≥58 (54%) |
| Hu et al. [49] | 2014 | miR-21 miR-375 | 46 | Glottic 71.7% Supraglottic 23.9% Subglottic 4.4% | qRT-PCR | China | Male (91.3%) | T0 + T1 + T2 (45.7%) T3 + T4 (54.3%) | NA | Smoking (72.1%) Alcohol (46.3%) | 59.2 ± 7.84 |
| Hedback et al. [50] | 2014 | miR-21 | 86 | Oral Cavity | ISH, Immunohistochemistry | Denmark | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sun et al. [51] | 2015 | miR-320a | 450 | Salivary Gland | ISH, Immunohistochemistry | China | Male (47.56%) | T1 + T2 (65.33%) T3 + T4 (34.67%) | Metastases + ve (43.56%) | NA | <50 (49%) ≥50 (51%) |
| Saito et al. [52] | 2013 | miR-196a | 84 | Larynx | qRT-PCR | Japan | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Li et al. [53] | 2009 | miR-21 | 103 | Tongue | qRT-PCR | China | Male (54.36%) | T1 + T2 (58.25%) T3 + T4 (41.75%) | Metastases + ve (27.18%) | NA | <50 (46%) ≥50 (54%) |
| Liu et al. [54] | 2012 | miR-93 miR-142-3p miR-29c miR-26a miR-30e | 465 | Nasopharyngeal | qRT-PCR | China | Male (74.19%) | T1 (21.94%) T2 (27.31%) T3 (23.66%) T4 (27.10%) | Metastases + ve (19.78%)) | NA | 47.09 ± 11 |
| Summerer et al. [55] | 2013 | miR-425-5p miR-21-5p miR-106b-5p miR-93-5p | 18 | Larynx 27.77% Oropharynx 16.66% Mouth floor 11.11% Tongue 11.11% Esophagus 5.55% Hypopharynx 5.55% Maxilla 5.55% Nasopharyngeal 5.55% Sinuses 5.55% Soft palate 5.55% | qRT-PCR | Germany | Male (77.78%) | T1 (22.22%) T2 (11.11%) T3 (33.33%) T4 (33.33%) | Metastases + ve (11.11%) | NA | 45.1–80.6 |
| Suh et al. [56] | 2015 | miR-196a | 16 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR | UK | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Ogawa et al. [57] | 2012 | miR-34a | 24 | Sinonasal | miRNA-Microarray | Japan | Male (66.67%) | T2 (4%) T3 (41.67%) T4 (54.17%) | Metastases + ve (8.33%) | NA | >60 (59%) <60 (41%) |
| Avissar et al. [58] | 2009 | miR-375 miR-21 | 169 | Oral 64% Pharynx 21% Larynx 15% | qRT-PCR | USA | Male (68%) | T1 + T2 (28%) T3 + T4 (72%) | NA | HPV (17.4%) Alcohol (88.5%) Smoking (84.5%) | 61.5 ± 11.9 |
| Massimo Re et al. [59] | 2015 | miR-34c-5p | 90 | Supraglottic 21.1% Transglottic 73.3% Subglottic 5.6% | qRT-PCR | Italy | Male (96.6%) | T3 (66.7%) T4 (33.3%) | Metastases + ve (0%) | NA | 66.51 ± 8.02 |
| Sun et al. [60] | 2013 | miR-363 | 62 | Tongue 41.9% Gingival 21% Cheek 11.3% Floor of Mouth 17.7% Oropharynx 8.1% | qRT-PCR | China | Male (69.4%) | T1 + T2 (43.5%) T3 + T4 (36.5%) | Metastases + ve (54.83%) | Smoking (48.4%) Drinking (32.3%) | ≥60 (42%) <60 (58%) |
| Tian et al. [61] | 2014 | miR-203 | 56 | Glottic 53.57% Supraglottic 46.43% | qRT-PCR | China | Male (71.43%) | T1 + T2 (42.85%) T3 + T4 (57.14%) | Metastases + ve (50%) | NA | ≥59 (57%) <59 (43%) |
| Chang et al. [62] | 2013 | miR-17 miR-20a | 98 | Buccal Mucosa 43.88% Tongue 29.59% Gingiva 21.43% Floor of Mouth 5.10% | qRT-PCR | Taiwan | Male (84.7%) | T1 + T2 (44.9%) T3 + T4 (55.1%) | Metastases + ve (37.75%) | Smoking (82.65%) | >50 (35%) <50 (65%) |
| Gee et al. [63] | 2010 | miR-210 | 46 | Oral Cavity 21% Oropharynx 46% Hypopharynx 19% Larynx 11% Paranasal Sinus 2% | qRT-PCR | UK | Male (80.43%) | T1 (10.87%) T2 (30.43%) T3 (15.22%) T4 (43.48%) | NA | Smoking (86.96%) Alcohol (78.26%) | 43–92 |
| Lenarduzzi et al. [64] | 2013 | miR-193b | 51 | Head and Neck | qRT-PCR | Canada | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Childs et al. [65] | 2009 | miR-205 Let-7d miR-21 | 104 | Oral Cavity 30% Oropharynx 46% Hypopharynx 9% Larynx 31% | qRT-PCR | US | Male (68%) | T1 + T2 (23%) T3 + T4 (77%) | NA | Smoking (82%) HPV (36%) | <60 (40%) >60 (61%) |
| Shen et al. [66] | 2012 | miR-34a | 69 | Larynx | qRT-PCR | China | NA | T1 + T2 (60.87%) T3 + T4 (39.13%) | Metastases + ve (34.78%) | NA | <60 (48%) ≥60 (52%) |
| Luo et al. [67] | 2013 | miR-18a | 168 | Nasopharyngeal | qRT-PCR | China | Male (75.6%) | T1 + T2 (42.86%) T3 + T4 (57.14%) | Metastases + ve (64.88%) | NA | ≥50 (59%) <50 (41.%) |
| Jung et al. [68] | 2012 | miR-21 | 17 | Tongue 94.12% Oropharynx 5.88% | qRT-PCR | USA | NA | NA | NA | HPV (58.82%) | 41–69 |
| Sasahira et al. [69] | 2012 | miR-126a | 118 | Tongue 54.24% Other 45.76% | qRT-PCR | Japan | Male (57.63%) | T1 + T2 (76.27%) T3 + T4 (23.73%) | Metastases + ve (28.81%) | NA | ≤65 (39%) >65 (61%) |
| Liu et al. [70] | 2014 | miR-134a | 96 | Buccal Mucosa 35.41% Tongue 27.08% Oral pharynx 37.5% | qRT-PCR | Taiwan | Male (93.75%) | T1 + T2 + T3 (28.12%) T4 (71.88%) | Metastases + ve (6.25%) | NA | 53.5 (Average) |
| Shi et al. [71] | 2014 | miR-155 | 30 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR, FISH | China | Male (63.33%) | T1 (10%) T2 (16.67%) T3 (33.33%) T4 (40%) | NA | Smoking (46.67%) Alcohol (53.33%) | 56.4 ± 8.6 (40-75) |
| Harris et al. [72] | 2012 | miR-375 | 123 | Oral Cavity 35% Oropharynx 30% Larynx 35% | qRT-PCR | US | Male (69.1%) | T1 + T2 (19.5%) T3 + T4 (80.5%) | NA | Smoking (60.9%) Alcohol (27.6%) HPV (25.2%) | ≤58 (37%) 59–66 (31%) ≥67 (33%) |
| Huang et al. [73] | 2014 | miR-491-p5 | 33 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR, FISH | Taiwan | Male (96.9%) | T1 (9.1%) T2 (51.5%) T3 (3.0%) T4 (36.4%) | NA | NA | ≤60 (21%) >60 (79%) |
| Shiiba et al. [74] | 2013 | miR-125b | 50 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR | Japan | NA | T1 (10%) T2 (12%) T3 (14%) T4 (64%) | NA | NA | NA |
| Zeng et al. [75] | 2012 | miR-20a | 160 | Nasopharyngeal | qRT-PCR | China | Male (61.25%) | T1 (1,25%) T2 (15.63%) T3 (34.38%) T4 (40%) | NA | NA | 46.41 ± 10.74 |
| Liu et al. [76] | 2013 | miR-451 | 280 | Nasopharyngeal | qRT-PCR | Taiwan | Male (73.57%) | T1 + T2 (50.71%) T3 + T4 (49.28%) | NA | NA | ≤45 (49%) >45 (51%) |
| Yang et al. [77] | 2011 | miR-181a | 39 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR | Taiwan | Male (44.87%) | T1 + T2 + T3 (33.33%) T4 (66.66%) | NA | NA | NA |
| Wu et al. [78] | 2014 | miR-19a | 83 | Laryngeal | qRT-PCR | China | Male (68.67%) | NA | Metastases + ve (34.93%) | NA | ≥56 (51%) <56 (49%) |
| Peng et al. [79] | 2014 | Let-7g miR-125b miR-218 | 29 | Oral Cavity | qRT-PCR | Taiwan | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arriagada et al. [80] | 2018 | miR-215b | 32 | Head and Neck | qRT-PCR | Chile | Male (55.9%) | T1 + T2 (75.2%) T3 + T4 (47.7%) | NA | Smoking (62.5%) Drinking (50.5%) | <64 (86%) ≥64 years (44%) |
| Baroudi et al. [81] | 2017 | miR-377-3p | 199 | Larynx 31% Oral cavity 64% Oropharynx 5% | GSEA | NA | Male (28%) | T1 (9%) T2 (18%) T3 (27%) T4 (53%) | NA | Smoking (52%) Alcohol (66%) | ≤ 70 years (80%) > 70 years (20%) |
| Berania et al. [82] | 2017 | miR-18a miR-548b | 58 | Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma | qRT-PCR | Canada | Male (71%) | NA | NA | Smoking (72%) Drinking (41%) HPV (22%) | ≤ 50 (28%) > 50 (72%) |
| He et al. [83] | 2017 | miR-300 | 133 | Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma | qRT-PCR | China | Male (65%) | T1 + T2 (50%) T3 + T4 (50%) | Metastasis + ve (55%) | NA | <50 (35%) ≥50 (65%) |
| Hess et al. [84] | 2017 | miR-200b miR-155 miR-146a | 149 | Oropharynx 52% Hypopharynx 48% | qRT-PCR | Germany | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Jiang et al. [85] | 2017 | miR-212 | 73 | Nasopharyngeal | qRT-PCR | China | Male (59%) | T1 + T2 (34%) T3 + T4 (66%) | Metastasis + ve (56%) | NA | ≤45 (48%) >45 (52%) |
| Liu et al. [86] | 2017 | let-7a | 131 | Thyroid | qRT-PCR | China | Male (33%) | T1 + T2 (39%) T3 + T4 (61%) | Metastasis + ve (53%) | NA | < 45 (44%) ≥ 45 (56%) |
| Re et al. [87] | 2017 | miR-34c-5p | 43 | Supraglottic (18.60%) Transglottic (76.74%) Subglottic (4.65%) | qRT-PCR | Italy | Male (97.67%) | T3 (72%) T4 (28%) | Metastasis + ve (0%) | NA | 66.51 ± 8.02 |
| Romeo et al. [88] | 2018 | miR-375 | 36 | Medullary thyroid | qRT-PCR | Italy | Male (58.3%) | T1 + T2 (25%) T3 + T4 (63.8%) | Metastasis + ve (72.2%) | NA | Mean 55.5 |
| Wilkins et al. [89] | 2018 | miR-100 miR-125b Let-7a | 2083 | Oral cavity (31.7%) Pharynx (52.7%) Larynx (15.6%) | Axiom miRNA Target Site Genotyping Array | USA | Male (24.5%) | T1 + T2 (25.9%) T3 + T4 (74.1%) | NA | Smoking [current] (25.9%) Smoking [former] (42.9%) | ≤50 (24.8%) >50 to ≤60 (36.2%) >60 to ≤70 (25.9%) >70 (13.1%) |
| Yu et al. [90] | 2017 | miR-21 | 100 | Buccal mucosa (37%) Tongue (35%) Mouth floor (12%) Others (16%) | Immunohistochemistry | China | Male (92%) | T1 + T2 (23%) T3 + T4 (77%) | Metastasis + ve (28%) | NA | ≤55 (56%) >55 (44%) |