Stromal derived factor-1(SDF-1) |
50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL |
↑ |
SDF-1 increased BMSC recruitment to injured liver and promoted the repair of injured liver. |
[16] |
SDF-1 |
100 ng/mL |
↑ |
SDF-1 increased BMSCs with CXCR4 expression and promoted the repair of traumatic brain injury. |
[17] |
SDF-1 |
10 ng/mL |
↑ |
SDF-1 increased stem cell recruitment, and the pretreatment of stem cells (Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration. |
[18] |
Osteopontin (OPN) |
1 μg/mL |
↑ |
Increased integrin β1 expression in BMSCs and promoted BMSC migration through the ligation to integrin β1. |
[19] |
OPN |
10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL |
↑ |
Increased mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration in a dose-dependent manner. |
[20] |
OPN |
1 μg/mL |
↑ |
OPN reduced the number of organized actin cytoskeletons through the FAK and ERK pathways to increase BMSC migration. |
[21] |
OPN |
1 μg/mL |
↑ |
Reduced the number of organized actin cytoskeletons through the FAK and ERK pathways to increase BMSC migration. |
[22] |
OPN |
1 μg/mL |
↑ |
Cytoskeletal control of nuclear morphology and stiffness through the SUN1 proteins plays an important role in OPN-promoted BMSC migration. |
[23] |
OPN |
1 μg/mL |
↑ |
Chromatin organization was altered by the application of OPN via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which also contributed to BMSC migration. |
[24] |
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) |
200 ng/mL |
↑ |
Augmented the engraftment and differentiation capacity of transplanted BMSCs, recovering cardiac function. |
[25] |
bFGF |
1 ng/mL up to 400 ng/mL |
↓↑ |
Low concentrations led to an attraction of BMSCs, whereas higher concentrations resulted in repulsion. |
[26] |
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A |
10 ng/mL |
↑ |
Increased BMSC migration and proliferation. |
[27] |
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) |
20 ng/mL |
↑ |
Increased BMSC migration via PI3K pathways. |
[28] |
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 |
10 ng/mL |
↑ |
Increased BMSC migratory responses via CXCR4 chemokine receptor signaling, which is PI3/Akt-dependent. |
[29] |
IGF-1 |
20 ng/mL |
↑ |
Preconditioning of BMSCs with IGF-1 before infusion improved cell migration capacity and restored normal renal function after acute kidney injury. |
[30] |
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) |
50 ng/mL |
↑ |
Increased BMSC migration significantly. |
[31] |
PDGF-B |
40 ng/mL |
↑ |
Increased recruitment/migration and differentiation of BMSCs. |
[32] |
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 1 |
100 pM |
↑ |
Promoted the homing of BMSCs in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improved myocardial function. |
[9] |
TGF-β1 |
5 ng/mL |
↑ |
Improved BMSC recruitment and wound closure in a syngeneic murine wound model. |
[33] |
TGF-β |
1 ng/mL~100 ng/mL |
↑ |
Activated noncanonical signaling molecules, such as Akt, ERK1/2, FAK, and p38, via TGF-β type I receptor to increase stem cell (BMSCs, BM-MSC-like ST2 cells) migration. |
[34] |