Table 1.
Distribution of demographic characteristics of study subjects.
| Characteristics | Controls (n = 729) | Cases (n = 764) | p-Value a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CIN1 (n = 319) | CIN2/3 (n = 216) | CX CAN (n = 229) | ||||
| DII | 0.5 (−1.3, 2.0) | 0.1 (−1.6, 1.6) | 1.1 (−0.7, 2.5) | 1.5 (−0.6, 3.0) | 0.0003 | |
| Age (years) | 43 (35, 51) | 38 (31, 47) | 39 (32, 47) | 48 (42, 58) | 0.12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 (20.2, 24.1) | 21.4 (19.7, 23.5) | 21.4 (19.5, 23.7) | 23 (20.8, 25.3) | 0.30 | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1850 (1512, 2178) | 1969 (1631, 2296) | 1826 (1585, 2238) | 1767 (1493, 2104) | 0.73 | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 78 (10.7) | 70 (21.9) | 29 (13.4) | 10 (4.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Married | 568 (78.1) | 213 (66.8) | 156 (72.2) | 160 (69.9) | ||
| Divorced | 81 (11.2) | 36 (11.3) | 31 (14.4) | 59 (25.6) | ||
| Education level | ||||||
| ≤Middle School | 155 (21.4) | 54 (16.9) | 58 (27.0) | 115 (50.2) | <0.0001 | |
| High School | 31 (42.9) | 138 (43.3) | 95 (44.2) | 87 (38.0) | ||
| ≥College | 260 (35.7) | 127 (39.8) | 62 (28.8) | 27 (11.8) | ||
| Income (10,000 won) b | ||||||
| Less than 200 | 194 (26.7) | 93 (29.2) | 70 (32.4) | 128 (55.8) | <0.0001 | |
| 200–500 | 417 (57.2) | 179 (56.3) | 130 (60.2) | 94 (41.1) | ||
| More than 500 | 117 (16.1) | 46 (14.5) | 16 (7.4) | 7 (3.1) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | 631 (86.6) | 260 (81.5) | 178 (83.2) | 194 (84.7) | 0.28 | |
| Yes | 98 (13.4) | 59 (18.5) | 36 (16.8) | 35 (15.3) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No | 285 (39.2) | 77 (24.2) | 68 (31.5) | 106 (46.3) | 0.50 | |
| Yes | 442 (60.8) | 241 (75.8) | 148 (68.5) | 123 (53.7) | ||
| Physical activity c | ||||||
| No | 595 (82.1) | 264 (82.8) | 194 (89.8) | 207 (91.2) | 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 130 (17.9) | 55 (17.2) | 22 (10.2) | 20 (8.8) | ||
| Pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 127 (17.5) | 93 (29.3) | 48 (22.3) | 13 (5.7) | 0.01 | |
| Yes | 601 (82.5) | 225 (70.7) | 167 (77.7) | 214 (94.3) | ||
| Oral contraception | ||||||
| No | 607 (83.4) | 263 (82.7) | 167 (77.7) | 182 (79.8) | 0.08 | |
| Yes | 121 (16.6) | 55 (17.3) | 48 (22.3) | 46 (20.2) | ||
| Menopausal status | ||||||
| Pre/Peri | 481 (66.1) | 255 (80.2) | 171 (79.2) | 87 (38.2) | <0.0001 | |
| Post | 247 (33.9) | 63 (19.8) | 45 (20.8) | 141 (61.8) | ||
Data are presented as medians (25th, 75th) in continuous variables and as n (%) in categorical variables. DII, dietary inflammatory index; CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; BMI, body-mass index; CX CAN, cervical cancer. a p values were calculated by Jonckheere–Terpstra test for continuous variables and Mantel–Haenszel test for categorical variables. b What is the average monthly household income (total income of all living together, including yourself)? c Did you have any intense physical activity such as walking, jogging or running during the last 7 days?