Table 4.
Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of cervical cancer risk and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quintiles of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) among 764 cases and 729 controls by selected strata.
| Variables | Quintiles of Dietary Inflammatory Index | P for Trends a | DII Continuous | P for Interaction b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (Anti-Inflammatory) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (Proinflammatory) | ||||
| HPV infection | ||||||||
| HPV positive | ||||||||
| CIN1 | Ref | 0.85 (0.42–1.73) a | 1.19 (0.54–2.63) | 1.10 (0.45–2.66) | 0.93 (0.34–2.53) | 0.8646 | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 0.57 |
| CIN2/3 | Ref | 2.67 (0.85–8.41) | 3.07 (0.87–10.8) | 3.89 (1.02–14.8) | 5.65 (1.38–23.2) | 0.0251 | 1.27 (1.02–1.57) | |
| CX CAN | Ref | 0.48 (0.13–1.78) | 0.93 (0.24–3.65) | 0.05 (0.00–0.54) | 0.76 (0.15–3.77) | 0.5736 | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | |
| HPV negative | ||||||||
| CIN1 | Ref | 0.99 (0.55–1.81) | 1.27 (0.69–2.34) | 0.95 (0.48–1.87) | 0.83 (0.39–1.77) | 0.5607 | 1.00 (0.89–1.13) | |
| CIN2/3 | Ref | 1.08 (0.53–2.20) | 1.50 (0.73–3.06) | 2.07 (0.97–4.40) | 2.36 (1.04–5.35) | 0.0122 | 1.20 (1.06–1.36) | |
| CX CAN | Ref | 1.27 (0.69–2.34) | 0.82 (0.39–1.69) | 1.23 (0.59–2.55) | 1.98 (0.91–4.30) | 0.0249 | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | |
| Physical activity d | ||||||||
| No activity | ||||||||
| CIN1 | Ref | 0.76 (0.46–1.27) | 1.28 (0.76–2.16) | 1.03 (0.58–1.83) | 0.95 (0.48–1.88) | 0.8287 | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) | 0.41 |
| CIN2/3 | Ref | 1.33 (0.70–2.52) | 1.90 (0.98–3.66) | 2.60 (1.31–5.19) | 3.79 (1.81–7.93) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.14–1.43) | |
| CX CAN | Ref | 0.83 (0.45–1.55) | 0.81 (0.41–1.58) | 0.95 (0.48–1.88) | 2.11 (1.04–4.28) | 0.0084 | 1.14 (1.02–1.73) | |
| Activity | ||||||||
| CIN1 | Ref | 1.94 (0.72–5.25) | 0.88 (0.27–2.88) | 0.51 (0.13–2.04) | 0.58 (0.12–2.71) | 0.1451 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | |
| CIN2/3 | Ref | 1.98 (0.35–11.2) | 3.07 (0.42–22.4) | 4.61 (0.50–42.7) | 0.75 (0.04–14.9) | 0.7718 | 1.04 (0.69–1.57) | |
| CX CAN | Ref | 2.19 (0.29–16.7) | 2.59 (0.30–22.5) | 4.10 (0.37–45.0) | 1.39 (0.10–19.1) | 0.8626 | 0.94 (0.63–1.42) | |
a Categorical DII scores by quintiles were used to determine p for trends. b The multiplicative terms (categorical DII × HPV infection, categorical DII × physical activity) for the interaction. c Adjusted for age (continuous), energy (continuous), marriage (single, married, divorced), education level (middle school, high school, college), drinking (yes, no), physical activity (yes, no), pregnancy (yes, no), oral contraceptive use (yes, no), menopausal status (pre- or peri-menopause, post-menopause) and BMI (continuous). d Did you have any intense physical activity such as walking, jogging or running during the last 7 days?