Figure 3.

Inhibitory effects of Rif and RifQ on αS_f-activated microglial cells. (A) Visualization of the effects of Rif and RifQ (100 µM) on anti-ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) (red) immunofluorescent signals in microglial cells stimulated or not with αS_f. A treatment with Rif or RifQ reduced the increase in IBA-1 expression observed in cultures exposed to αSf. Rif and RifQ had and no effect on basal IBA-1 expression levels. Scale bar: 20 µm. (B) Western blot analysis showing the extent of the inhibitory effects of Rif and RifQ on IBA-1 expression in microglial cells exposed to αS_f. A representative blot is included (top), and relative intensity levels of IBA-1 are shown (bottom). (C) Effect of 100 µM Rif and RifQ on the amounts of TNF-α (filled bars) and IL-6 (open bars) released by microglial cells stimulated by αS_f. Values are shown as means ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in triplicate. Note: ^###p < 0.001 vs. controls, *p < 0.05 Rif vs. RifQ. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. αS_f.