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. 2019 Jul 25;8(8):776. doi: 10.3390/cells8080776

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Rif and RifQ inhibit a PI3K-dependent mechanism. (A) Western blot analysis of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation in control and αS_f-treated cultures exposed or not to the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY (2.5 μM). (B) Western blot analysis of AKT phosphorylation in control and αS_f-activated microglial cells treated or not with 100 μM of Rif or RifQ. A representative blot is included (top), and relative levels of pAKT/AKT are shown (bottom). (C) TNF-α (filled bars) and IL-6 (open bars) released by microglial cells pretreated or not with LY prior to stimulation with αS_f. Values are shown as means ± SEM of four independent experiments performed in triplicate. Note: ^###p < 0.001 vs. controls. **p < 0.01 vs. αS_f and ***p < 0.001 vs. αS_f or Rif vs. RifQ.