Table 1.

Potential drugs and diets for preventing prostate cancer progression by controlling the inflammation.

Drugs or Diets	Mechanism of Action
Aspirin, NSAIDs	Inhibit COX-2 pathway
	Suppress local MDSC infiltration [25]
	Prevent M2 polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages [25]
	Reduce IL6 secretion by tumor-infiltrating macrophages [25]
Metformin	Suppress NF-κB pathway [26]
	Downregulate COX-2 and PGE2 in tumor cells [27,28]
	Reduce tumor-infiltrating macrophages [28]
	Inhibit local MDSC infiltration [29]
	Prevent M2 polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages [30]
	Promote M1 polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages [31]
	Reduce MDSCs in spleen and tumor [31]
	Protect exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in tumor [32]
Statins	Disrupt the organization of the lipid rafts
	Prevent the organization of cholesterol crystals
	Reduce the synthesis of MCP-1 [33]
	Decrease level of CD11b adhesion molecule [34]
	Increase regulatory T cells [35]
	Inhibit T cell activation [36]
	Activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors [37]
Soy isoflavones	Reduce MDSC-associated cytokines in peripheral blood [38]
	Reduce MDSCs in peripheral blood [38]
Vitamin D,	Unclear
Pomegranate,
Green Tea,
Resveratrol,
Zyflamend

Abbreviation: NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COX, cyclooxygenase; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; IL, interleukin; NF, nuclear factor; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein.