Table 1.
Functions of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in various cancer cells (year 2010~).
| Cancers | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | Promotes proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | [45,46] |
| Breast | Downregulation of HSP27 induces chemo-sensitization to Herceptin and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. HSP27 regulates the EMT process and NFkB activity to contribute to the maintenance of BCSCs. Expression of phosphorylated forms of the chaperone HSPB1 correlates with the amount and percentage of lymph node metastases. Down-regulation of HSP27 in human breast cancer cells modulates down-regulation of PTEN. |
[47,48,49,50] |
| Colorectal | Suppression of HSP27 protein expression enhances 5-FU sensitivity. Patients with low HSP27 expression show better survival than those with high HSP27 expression. Acquired drug resistance of 5-FU is caused by the enhanced constitutive expression of HSPB1 and its phosphorylated form in colorectal cancer cells. |
[51,52,53] |
| Melanoma | HSP27 expression is associated with impaired prognosis in melanoma. HSP27 is important for tumor dormancy, angiogenesis regulation, and tumor progress in cutaneous melanoma. |
[54,55] |
| Prostate | HSP27 increases PCa cell motility, growth, and survival. Downregulation of HSP27 radiosensitizes human prostate cancer cells. In patients with prostate cancer, with HSP27 and Twist expression, each is elevated in high-grade prostate cancer tumors. DNA methylation of HSPB1 resulted in a poor outcome in prostate cancer patients. |
[35,56,57,58] |
| Glioma | Promotes glioma cell proliferation. Quantitative proteomic analysis shows that HSP27 is involved in the poor prognosis of GBN. |
[59,60] |
| Lung | HSP27 inhibitor induces chemo-sensitization to anti-cancer drugs. Increased HSP27 expression correlates with shorter survival of NSCLC patients. |
[61,62,63] |
| Gastric | Meta-analysis of gastric cancer is strongly dependent on the overexpression of HSP27. | [64,65] |
| Rectal | High expression of HSP27 represents poor survival in rectal cancer. | [66] |
| Pancreatic | Downregulation of HSP27 sensitizes to gemcitabine in the gastric cancer cell line by regulating the expression of Snail. HSP27 phosphorylation status contributes to gemcitabine resistance. |
[67,68] |
| Kidney | Abnormal HSP27 phosphorylation is observed in renal cancers, as well as in other kidney diseases. In ccRCC patients, high serum HSP27 is associated with high-grade (Grade 3–4) tumors. TGF-β1/p38/HSP27 signaling pathway inhibits cancer invasion and metastasis in RCC. |
[69,70,71] |
PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; BCSC, breast cancer stem cell; NFkB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; 5-FU, fluorouracil; PCa, prostate cancer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; GBN, glioblastoma; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta.