Table 1.
Adipocytes regulate breast cancer via their metabolic substrates.
Metabolic Substrates | Released by White/Brite/Brown Adipocytes | Effect on BC Development | Effect on BC Cell Proliferation | Effect on BC Cell Invasion | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Free fatty acids | Saturated; (n-6) fatty acids | White | Increase | Increase | Increase | [46,47,53,57,58,59] |
(n-3) fatty acids | White | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | [43,45,49] | |
Lipids, Triglycerides | White | Increase | Increase | Increase | [61] | |
Cholesterol | Total | White | Increase | Increase | Increase | [60,62,63] |
HDL | White | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | [44] | |
LDL | White | Increase | Increase | [44] | ||
VLDL | White | Increase | Increase | Increase | [44] | |
27-OHC | White | Decrease | Decrease | [41,53] | ||
Exosome | mir- 3184-5p |
White | - | Increase | Increase | [50] |
mir- 184c-3p |
White | - | Decrease | Decrease | [50] | |
Proteases (MMP-9, MMP-11) | White | Increase | Increase | Increase | [74,75,76] |
Note: 27-Hydroxycholesterol, 27-OHC; matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9; high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; very-low-density lipoprotein, VLDL; breast cancer, BC.