Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of the study population according to 1 h postload plasma glucose and glucose tolerance.
| NGT 1 h <155 mg/dL (n = 123) |
NGT 1 h ≥155 mg/dL (n = 84) |
IFG/IGT (n = 75) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 45 ± 10.2 | 47.5 ± 10 * | 49.5 ± 7.8 *# |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 5 | 29.2 ± 4 | 29.8 ± 6.1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.9 ± 11.7 | 100 ± 10.8 | 98.3 ± 9.6 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 86.4 ± 8.6 | 90.5 ± 8.6 * | 99.4 ± 14 *# |
| 1 h postload glucose (mg/dL) | 121.3 ± 21.1 | 176 ± 22.4 * | 187.6 ± 35.4 |
| 2 h postload glucose (mg/dL) | 105.3 ± 22 | 119 ± 21.4 * | 168.4 ± 22.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.38 * | 6.0 ± 0.31 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) | 7.2 ± 3.6 | 9 ± 6.5 | 10.8 ± 5.6 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.2 ± 36.7 | 197.4 ± 42.1 | 199.4 ± 40.4 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.1 ± 11.4 | 44 ± 12.3 * | 43.1 ± 11.8 * |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 86 (66–122) | 100 (76–137) | 125.5 (85–173) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 124.1 ± 32.4 | 128.4 ± 41.1 * | 125.2 ± 33.5 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118.2 ± 15.6 | 121 ± 13.5 | 123.9 ± 14.2 * |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.2 ± 11 | 74.4 ± 10.6 | 75.1 ± 10.4 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.55 ± 0.84 | 2.09 ± 1.55 * | 2.3 ± 1.5 *# |
| Hypertension | 16% | 26% | 31% |
| ACE inhibitors/ARB | 50% | 50% | 52% |
| Calcium channel blockers | 20% | 22% | 22% |
| Beta blockers | 5% | 9% | 8% |
| Thiazide diuretics | 15% | 5% | 8% |
| No therapy | 10% | 14% | 12% |
| Statin therapy | 18% | 20% | 22% |
| Active smokers | 30% | 26% | 34% |
| Sex (M/F) | 41/82 | 41/42 | 35/40 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range, IQR). NGT, normotolerant and normal fasting glucose; IFG/IGT, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; BP, blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers. Smoking was quantified (number of cigarettes and years smoked) and smoking status was classified in active and nonsmokers. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥135 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or taking any hypertension medications. * p < 0.05 vs. NGT 1 h <155 mg/dL; #p < 0.05 vs. NGT 1 h ≥155 mg/dL.