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. 2019 Aug 13;8(8):886. doi: 10.3390/cells8080886

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cardiac regeneration. Angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and cardiomyocytes differentiation capacities of MSCs make them possible for cardiac repair. Moreover, the paracrine effects of MSCs provide different kinds of growth and anti-inflammatory factors for the immunoregulation after ischemia of heart [139].