Table 1.

Technical and Conceptual Definitions of Negative Appraisals (NA), Emotion Reactivity (ER), and Cognitive Reactivity (CR)

Concept	Definition	Technical operationalization
NA	Across a series of situations, the average within-person tendency to perceive situations as meaner (or less mean) than objective meanness ratings.	$\begin{array}{l}NA={\beta }_{{}_{0j}}^M\text{as}\text{shown}\text{in}\text{the}\text{level}\text{1}\text{equation:}\\ meannes{s}_{ij}={\beta }_{{}_{0j}}^M+{\beta }_{{}_{1j}}^{M}avgMEA{N}_{ij}+e_{{}_{ij}}^M\end{array}$
ER	Across a series of situations, the within-person strength of association between perceived situation meanness and degree of sadness evoked.	$\begin{array}{l}ER={\beta }_{{}_{1j}}^S\text{as}\text{shown}\text{in}\text{the}\text{level}\text{1}\text{equation:}\\ {\text{sadness}}_{ij}={\beta }_{{}_{0j}}^S+{\beta }_{{}_{1j}}^{S}c\_meannes{s}_{ij}+e_{{}_{ij}}^S\end{array}$
CR	Across a series of situations, the within-person strength of association between induced sadness and degree of negative cognitions evoked.	$\begin{array}{l}CR={\beta }_{{}_{1j}}^M\text{as}\text{shown}\text{in}\text{the}\text{level}\text{1}\text{equation:}\\ {\text{cognition}}_{ij}={\beta }_{{}_{0j}}^C+{\beta }_{{}_{1j}}^{C}c\_sadnes{s}_{ij}+e_{{}_{ij}}^C\end{array}$