Table 1:
Effect of surgical weight loss on clinical and circulating biomarkers for all subjects together (BCN and NYC cohorts).
| Pre-surgery | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 26 | 22 | 23 | 26 |
| Weight (kg) | 123.1 (17.0) | 97.3 (16.1)*** | 86.8 (13.7)*** ǂ | 81.5 (12.5)*** ǂ # |
| Weight loss (%) | 21.1 (3.9) | 28.3 (5.1)ǂ | 33.5 (6.8)ǂ | |
| Excess Weight Loss (%) | 48.8 (13.5) | 65.8 (16.1)ǂ | 76.1(17.6)ǂ# | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| 46.1 (6.3) | 36.5 (5.9)*** | 32.6 (4.8)***ǂ | 30.5 (4.5)*** ǂ # | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 125.2 (12.4) | 124.7 (11.1) | 127.1 (15.5) | 122.3 (17) |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 71.8 (17.9) | 78.9 (6.1) | 76.6 (5.8) | 72 (9.7) |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.6 (2.7) | 4.9 (0.9)** | 4.9 (1.0)*** | 4.8 (0.6)*** |
| Fasting Insulin (pmol/L) | 191.7 (91) | 86.1 (36.8)*** | 97.9 (82.0)*** | 75.0 (36.8)*** |
| HOMA-IR | 8.0 (4.8) | 2.9 (1.8)*** | 3.1 (2.4)*** | 2.4 (1.3)*** ǂ |
| A1C (%) | 6.2 (1.0) | 5.5 (0.5)*** | 5.4 (0.4)*** | 5.4 (0.4)*** |
| T-CHOL (mmol/L) | 4.9 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.4) | 4.5 (1.2) |
| HDL-CHOL (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.3) ǂ | 1.5 (0.4) ǂ # |
| LDL-CHOL (mmol/L) | 2.9 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.0) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.6)*** | 1.0 (0.4)** ǂ |
| WBC (K/mcL) | 8.1 (2.2) | 6.3 (1.7)* | 6.5 (1.7)** | 6.2 (1.2)** |
| SAA (ng/mL) | 58.6 (51.9) | 37.5 (40.8)* | 29.0 (26.7)** | 19.2 (16.9)*** # |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 9.5 (7.5) | 9.2 (19.7)* | 3.7 (4.3)*** | 1.2 (1.2)*** # |
| AST (U/L) | 25.9 (10.6) | 20.6 (7.5) | 21 (6.3) | 21 (7) |
| ALT (U/L) | 29.9 (16.2) | 23.3 (18.9) | 22.6 (11.0) | 23.8 (15.4) |
| Acetate (μM) | 78.2 (36.4) | 82.5 (29.7) | 70.3 (25.8) | 94.8 (45.1) |
| Propionate (μM) | 3.5 (2.3) | 3.1 (1.7) | 3.4 (2.0) | 3.7 (2.2) |
| Butyrate (μM) | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.9) |
| TMAO (μM) | 0.5 (0.3) | 2.3 (3.5)* | 1.9 (2.9)** | 1.5 (1.1)*** |
| Betaine (μM) | 2.5 (1.8) | 3.1 (2.5) | 3.1 (2.0) | 3.4 (2.5) |
| Choline (μM) | 26.1 (20.2) | 23.9 (20.9) | 30.4 (29.0) | 36.4 (41.4) ǂ |
| Carnitine (μM) | 7.7 (2.3) | 6.9 (2.1) | 8.0 (2.9) | 7.8 (2.9) ǂ |
| Isobutyrate (μM) | 3.7 (5.8) | 2.9 (5.2) | 4.0 (5.6) | 3.1 (4.4) |
| Isovalerate (μM) | 5.2 (8.4) | 3.7 (7.0) | 5.4 (8.6) | 3.5 (6.0) |
| Valerate (μM) | 0.3(0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.1) |
| Hexanoate (μM) | 0.5 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.6) |
| Heptanoate (μM) | 0.08 (0.1) | 0.09 (0.1) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.07) |
| Octanoate (μM) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.2) |
| Total Bile Acids (μM) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.4) | 4.6 (3.5) | 3.4 (2.9) |
| Conjugated Bile Acids (μM) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 3.2 (3.3) | 2.4 (3.0) |
| Unconjugated Bile Acids (μM) | 0.5 (0.2) | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.6) | 1.0 (0.9) |
Data are presented as mean (Standard Deviation).
Different from pre-surgery:
P < 0.05
P < 0.01
P < 0.001
Different from 3-months: P < 0.05
Different from 6-months: P < 0.05.
Analysis performed via Friedman test, post-hoc analysis performed via Wilcoxon Signed-Tank tests with Bonferroni correction applied. HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; AIC: glycosylated hemoglobin; T-CHOL: total cholesterol; HDL-CHOL: HDL cholesterol; LDL-CHOL: LDL cholesterol; WBC: white blood count; SAA: serum amyloid A; hsCRP: ultrasensitive C reactive protein; AST: Aspartate Amino Transferase; ALT: Alanine Amino Transferase; TMAO: trimethylamine-N-oxide.