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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Aug 1;411(24):6435–6447. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-02024-5

Table 1.

The Berlin Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Timing Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new worsening respiratory symptoms
Chest imaging (Chest radiograph) Bilateral opacities – not fully explained by effusion, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules
Origin of edema Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload. Need objective assessment (e.g., Echocardiography) to exclude hydrostatic edema if no risk factor is present.
Oxygenation
Mild 200 mmHg < PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cm H2O
Moderate 100 mmHg < PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O
Severe PaO2 / FiO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg with PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O

Abbreviation: CPAP, PaO2, partial pressure continuous positive airway pressure; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; of arterial oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure.